Carl J Lavie1, Edward Archer2, Javaid Nauman3. 1. Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA. Electronic address: clavie@ochsner.org. 2. Chief Science Officer, EnduringFX, Columbia, SC. 3. Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates; K. G. Jebsen Center for Exercise in Medicine at the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway and St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.