Fei Zhou1, Hui Li2, Li Gu1, Meng Liu3, Chun-Xue Xue4, Bin Cao5, Chen Wang2. 1. Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 8, Gongti Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China. 2. Center for Respiratory Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Capital Medical University, No. 2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China. 3. Respiratory Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Capital Medical University, No 23, Art Museum Backstreet, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China. 4. Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 82, Xinhua Shouth Road, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101149, China. 5. Center for Respiratory Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Capital Medical University, No. 2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China. Electronic address: caobin1999@gmail.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Nosocomial infections following influenza are important causes of death, requiring early implementation of preventive measures, but predictors for nosocomial infection in the early stage remained undetermined. We aimed to determine risk factors that can help clinicians identify patients with high risk of nosocomial infection following influenza on admission. METHOD: Using a database prospectively collected through a Chinese national network for hospitalised severe influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 patients, we compared the characteristics on admission between patients with and without nosocomial infection. RESULT: A total of 2146 patients were enrolled in the final analysis with a median age of 36.0 years, male patients comprising 50.2% of the sample and 232 (10.8%) patients complicated with nosocomial infection. Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Staphylococcus aureus were the leading pathogens, and invasive fungal infection was found in 30 cases (12.9%). The in-hospital mortality was much higher in patients with nosocomial infection than those without (45.7% vs 11.8%, P < 0.001). Need for mechanical ventilation (OR: 3.336; 95% CI 2.362-4.712), sepsis (OR: 2.125; 95% CI 1.236-3.651), ICU admission on first day (OR: 2.074; 95% CI 1.425-3.019), lymphocytopenia (OR: 1.906; 95% CI 1.361-2.671), age > 65 years (OR: 1.83; 95% CI 1.04-3.21) and anaemia (OR: 1.39; 95% CI 1.39-2.79) were independently associated with nosocomial infection. CONCLUSION: Need for mechanical ventilation, sepsis, ICU admission on first day, lymphocytopenia, older age and anaemia were independent risk factors that can help clinicians identify severe influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 patients at high risk of nosocomial infection.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Nosocomial infections following influenza are important causes of death, requiring early implementation of preventive measures, but predictors for nosocomial infection in the early stage remained undetermined. We aimed to determine risk factors that can help clinicians identify patients with high risk of nosocomial infection following influenza on admission. METHOD: Using a database prospectively collected through a Chinese national network for hospitalised severe influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 patients, we compared the characteristics on admission between patients with and without nosocomial infection. RESULT: A total of 2146 patients were enrolled in the final analysis with a median age of 36.0 years, male patients comprising 50.2% of the sample and 232 (10.8%) patients complicated with nosocomial infection. Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Staphylococcus aureus were the leading pathogens, and invasive fungal infection was found in 30 cases (12.9%). The in-hospital mortality was much higher in patients with nosocomial infection than those without (45.7% vs 11.8%, P < 0.001). Need for mechanical ventilation (OR: 3.336; 95% CI 2.362-4.712), sepsis (OR: 2.125; 95% CI 1.236-3.651), ICU admission on first day (OR: 2.074; 95% CI 1.425-3.019), lymphocytopenia (OR: 1.906; 95% CI 1.361-2.671), age > 65 years (OR: 1.83; 95% CI 1.04-3.21) and anaemia (OR: 1.39; 95% CI 1.39-2.79) were independently associated with nosocomial infection. CONCLUSION: Need for mechanical ventilation, sepsis, ICU admission on first day, lymphocytopenia, older age and anaemia were independent risk factors that can help clinicians identify severe influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 patients at high risk of nosocomial infection.
Authors: Frits van Charante; Anneleen Wieme; Petra Rigole; Evelien De Canck; Lisa Ostyn; Lucia Grassi; Dieter Deforce; Aurélie Crabbé; Peter Vandamme; Marie Joossens; Filip Van Nieuwerburgh; Pieter Depuydt; Tom Coenye Journal: Biofilm Date: 2022-06-14