Amy J Mathers1,2, Kasi Vegesana3, Ian German Mesner3, Katie E Barry1, Aaron Pannone4, Josh Baumann3, Derrick W Crook5,6, Nicole Stoesser5,6, Shireen Kotay1, Joanne Carroll2, Costi D Sifri1,7. 1. Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville. 2. Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville. 3. Health Information & Technology, University of Virginia Health System, School of Medicine, Charlottesville. 4. Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville. 5. Modernizing Medical Microbiology Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom. 6. National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance at University of Oxford in partnership with Public Health England, United Kingdom. 7. Office of Hospital Epidemiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville.
Abstract
Background: The increasing prevalence of nosocomial carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae is a concern. However, the role of the environment in multispecies outbreaks remains poorly understood. There is increasing recognition that hospital wastewater plumbing may play a role. Methods: Covers were installed on all hoppers (a "toilet-like" waste disposal system) in adult intensive care units (ICUs) of a university hospital; additionally in the surgical ICU, sink trap heating and vibration devices were also installed. Patient acquisitions of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing organisms (KPCOs) for patients who were admitted to an intervention unit were compared for 18-month preintervention and intervention periods. Results: Sixty hopper covers and 23 sink trap devices were installed. Fifty-six new multispecies KPCO acquisitions occurred preintervention compared to 30 during the intervention. Decreases for all KPCO acquisitions (odds ratio [OR], 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31-0.81; P = .003) and KPCO-positive clinical cultures (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.17-0.48; P < .001) per admission in patients exposed to an intervention unit were observed. The incidence rate ratio was 0.51-fold (95% CI, 0.43-0.61) lower for all KPCO acquisitions during the intervention. The effect of the sink trap devices alone could not be determined, although the proportion of sink drain cultures positive for KPCO decreased (12/15 [80%] sites sampled preintervention vs 40/840 [5%] sampled during the intervention; P = .001). Conclusions: An intervention targeting wastewater plumbing fixtures, by installation of hopper covers, demonstrated a decrease in patient KPCO acquisitions. Considering wastewater reservoirs in nosocomial transmission of multispecies carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae may be critical.
Background: The increasing prevalence of nosocomial carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae is a concern. However, the role of the environment in multispecies outbreaks remains poorly understood. There is increasing recognition that hospital wastewater plumbing may play a role. Methods: Covers were installed on all hoppers (a "toilet-like" waste disposal system) in adult intensive care units (ICUs) of a university hospital; additionally in the surgical ICU, sink trap heating and vibration devices were also installed. Patient acquisitions of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing organisms (KPCOs) for patients who were admitted to an intervention unit were compared for 18-month preintervention and intervention periods. Results: Sixty hopper covers and 23 sink trap devices were installed. Fifty-six new multispecies KPCO acquisitions occurred preintervention compared to 30 during the intervention. Decreases for all KPCO acquisitions (odds ratio [OR], 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31-0.81; P = .003) and KPCO-positive clinical cultures (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.17-0.48; P < .001) per admission in patients exposed to an intervention unit were observed. The incidence rate ratio was 0.51-fold (95% CI, 0.43-0.61) lower for all KPCO acquisitions during the intervention. The effect of the sink trap devices alone could not be determined, although the proportion of sink drain cultures positive for KPCO decreased (12/15 [80%] sites sampled preintervention vs 40/840 [5%] sampled during the intervention; P = .001). Conclusions: An intervention targeting wastewater plumbing fixtures, by installation of hopper covers, demonstrated a decrease in patient KPCO acquisitions. Considering wastewater reservoirs in nosocomial transmission of multispecies carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae may be critical.
Authors: Stacy C Park; Alexander M Wailan; Katie E Barry; Kasi Vegesana; Joanne Carroll; Amy J Mathers; William R Miller; Jose M Munita Journal: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Date: 2019-07-25 Impact factor: 5.191
Authors: Joost Hopman; Corianne Meijer; Nikki Kenters; Jordy P M Coolen; Mohammad R Ghamati; Shaheen Mehtar; Reinout van Crevel; Wim J Morshuis; Ad F T M Verhagen; Michel M van den Heuvel; Andreas Voss; Heiman F L Wertheim Journal: JAMA Netw Open Date: 2019-02-01
Authors: A J Mathers; K Vegesana; I German-Mesner; J Ainsworth; A Pannone; D W Crook; C D Sifri; A Sheppard; N Stoesser; T Peto; A S Walker; D W Eyre Journal: J Hosp Infect Date: 2020-01-10 Impact factor: 3.926
Authors: Thomas Crellen; Paul Turner; Sreymom Pol; Stephen Baker; To Nguyen Thi Nguyen; Nicole Stoesser; Nicholas Pj Day; Claudia Turner; Ben S Cooper Journal: Elife Date: 2019-12-03 Impact factor: 8.713