Dynamic Stark induced vortex momentum of hydrogen in circular fields.

In this paper, we report our numerical simulation on the symmetry distortion and mechanism of the vortex-shaped momentum distribution of hydrogen atom by taking into account of the dynamic Stark effect. By deploying the strong field approximation (SFA) theory, we performed extensive simulation on the momentum pattern of hydrogen ionized by two time-delayed oppositely circularly polarized attosecond pulses. We deciphered that this distortion is originated from the temporal characteristics of the dynamic Stark phase which is nonlinear in time.