Fiber-coupled ultrashort-pulse-laser-based electronic-excitation tagging velocimetry.

Transmission of intense ultrashort laser pulses through hollow-core fibers (HCFs) is investigated for molecular-tagging velocimetry. A low-vacuumed HCF beam-delivery system is developed to transmit high-peak-power pulses. Vacuum pressure effects on transmission efficiency and nonlinear effects at the fiber output are studied for 100 ps and 100 fs laser beams. With a 0.1 bar vacuum in the fiber, transmission efficiency increases by ∼30%, while spectral broadening is reduced. A 1 m long, 1 mm core metal-dielectric-coated HCF can transmit ∼45  mJ/pulse and ∼2.9  mJ/pulse for 100 ps laser pulses (at 532 nm) and 100 fs laser pulses (at 810 nm), respectively. Proof-of-principle, single-laser-shot, fiber-coupled, ps and fs laser-based, nitrogen electronic-excitation tagging velocimetry is demonstrated in a free jet. Flow velocities are measured at 200 kHz to capture high-frequency flow events.