Neha Gupta1, Aditya N Sarangi1, Sunil Dadhich2, V K Dixit3, Kamal Chetri4, Amit Goel1, Rakesh Aggarwal5. 1. Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 014, India. 2. Department of Gastroenterology, Dr. Sampurnanand Medical College, Residency Road, Shastri Nagar, Jodhpur, 342 003, India. 3. Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India. 4. International Hospital, G S Road, Guwahati, 781 005, India. 5. Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 014, India. aggarwal.ra@gmail.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis E is caused by infection with hepatitis E virus (HEV), which has four well-known genotypes. Genotypes 1 and 2 HEV have been reported from human cases in areas where the disease is highly endemic. By contrast, genotypes 3 and 4 HEV, which primarily infect several animal species worldwide, have been reported mainly from sporadic human cases in non-endemic areas such as Japan and high-income countries of Europe and North America. To determine whether genotype 3/4 HEV cause sporadic disease in India, a disease-endemic area, we determined HEV genotype in a group of patients with such disease. METHODS: A part of the HEV open reading frame (ORF) 1 was amplified and sequenced from sera of 74 patients with sporadic acute viral hepatitis E from four cities in India. The sequences were compared with prototype sequences for various HEV genotypes and subgenotypes and analyzed using phylogenetic tools to determine the genotype of the isolates. For 12 specimens, a part of HEV ORF2 was also similarly analyzed. RESULTS: Partial ORF1 sequences of all the 74 isolates belonged to genotype 1 HEV, with 88.2% to 100% nucleotide identity with the prototype genotype 1 isolates. Partial ORF2 sequences for all the 12 isolates also belonged to genotype 1 HEV. On phylogenetic analysis, 71 isolates clustered with prototype genotype 1a HEV; the remaining three isolates were located between subgenotypes 1a and 1c but were closer to the former. CONCLUSION: Human sporadic acute hepatitis E in India is caused almost exclusively by genotype 1 HEV.
BACKGROUND:Hepatitis E is caused by infection with hepatitis E virus (HEV), which has four well-known genotypes. Genotypes 1 and 2 HEV have been reported from human cases in areas where the disease is highly endemic. By contrast, genotypes 3 and 4 HEV, which primarily infect several animal species worldwide, have been reported mainly from sporadic human cases in non-endemic areas such as Japan and high-income countries of Europe and North America. To determine whether genotype 3/4 HEV cause sporadic disease in India, a disease-endemic area, we determined HEV genotype in a group of patients with such disease. METHODS: A part of the HEV open reading frame (ORF) 1 was amplified and sequenced from sera of 74 patients with sporadic acute viral hepatitis E from four cities in India. The sequences were compared with prototype sequences for various HEV genotypes and subgenotypes and analyzed using phylogenetic tools to determine the genotype of the isolates. For 12 specimens, a part of HEVORF2 was also similarly analyzed. RESULTS: Partial ORF1 sequences of all the 74 isolates belonged to genotype 1 HEV, with 88.2% to 100% nucleotide identity with the prototype genotype 1 isolates. Partial ORF2 sequences for all the 12 isolates also belonged to genotype 1 HEV. On phylogenetic analysis, 71 isolates clustered with prototype genotype 1a HEV; the remaining three isolates were located between subgenotypes 1a and 1c but were closer to the former. CONCLUSION:Human sporadic acute hepatitis E in India is caused almost exclusively by genotype 1 HEV.
Entities:
Keywords:
Acute hepatitis; Genetic epidemiology; Genotype; Hepatitis E virus
Authors: X J Meng; R H Purcell; P G Halbur; J R Lehman; D M Webb; T S Tsareva; J S Haynes; B J Thacker; S U Emerson Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 1997-09-02 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Manasi Majumdar; Mini P Singh; Sujit Kumar Pujhari; Deepak Bhatia; Y Chawla; R K Ratho Journal: J Med Virol Date: 2013-02-13 Impact factor: 2.327