Diana Marangu1,2, Hannah Mwaniki3, Salome Nduku4, Elizabeth Maleche-Obimbo2, Walter Jaoko5, Joseph Babigumira6, Grace John-Stewart6,7,8,9, Deepa Rao6. 1. Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, University of Nairobi, Kenya. 2. Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Kenya. 3. Population Studies and Research Institute, University of Nairobi, Kenya. 4. Semantics Africa Limited, Kenya. 5. Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Kenya. 6. Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States. 7. Department of Allergy and Infectious Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States. 8. Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States. 9. Department of Paediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To adapt a validated instrument that quantitatively measures stigma among English/Swahili speaking TB (tuberculosis) patients in Kenya, a high burden TB country. METHODS: Following ethical approval, we elicited feedback on the English and Swahili translated Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness (SSCI) tools through cognitive interviews. We assessed difficulties in translation, differences in meaning, TB contextual relevance, patients' acceptability to the questions, and issues in tool structure. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and translated. Open coding and thematic analysis of the data was conducted by two independent researchers. RESULTS: Between May and September 2015 we conducted a qualitative study among 20 adult TB patients attending 11 health facilities in Nairobi County, Kenya. Most questions were understood in both English and Swahili, deemed relevant in the context of TB and acceptable to TB patients. Key areas of adaptation of the SSCI included adding questions addressing fear of infecting others and death, HIV stigma, and intimate, family and workplace relationship contexts. Questions were revised for non-redundancy, specificity and optimized sequence. CONCLUSION: The adapted 8-item SSCI appears to be a useful tool that may be administered by health workers in English or Swahili to quantify TB stigma among TB patients in Kenya.
OBJECTIVE: To adapt a validated instrument that quantitatively measures stigma among English/Swahili speaking TB (tuberculosis) patients in Kenya, a high burden TB country. METHODS: Following ethical approval, we elicited feedback on the English and Swahili translated Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness (SSCI) tools through cognitive interviews. We assessed difficulties in translation, differences in meaning, TB contextual relevance, patients' acceptability to the questions, and issues in tool structure. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and translated. Open coding and thematic analysis of the data was conducted by two independent researchers. RESULTS: Between May and September 2015 we conducted a qualitative study among 20 adult TB patients attending 11 health facilities in Nairobi County, Kenya. Most questions were understood in both English and Swahili, deemed relevant in the context of TB and acceptable to TB patients. Key areas of adaptation of the SSCI included adding questions addressing fear of infecting others and death, HIV stigma, and intimate, family and workplace relationship contexts. Questions were revised for non-redundancy, specificity and optimized sequence. CONCLUSION: The adapted 8-item SSCI appears to be a useful tool that may be administered by health workers in English or Swahili to quantify TB stigma among TB patients in Kenya.
Authors: Deepa Rao; Seung W Choi; David Victorson; Rita Bode; Amy Peterman; Allen Heinemann; David Cella Journal: Qual Life Res Date: 2009-04-25 Impact factor: 4.147
Authors: D Somma; B E Thomas; F Karim; J Kemp; N Arias; C Auer; G D Gosoniu; A Abouihia; M G Weiss Journal: Int J Tuberc Lung Dis Date: 2008-07 Impact factor: 2.373
Authors: Aaron M Kipp; Petchawan Pungrassami; Kittikorn Nilmanat; Sohini Sengupta; Charles Poole; Ronald P Strauss; Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong; Annelies Van Rie Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2011-08-30 Impact factor: 3.295
Authors: Megan M Duffey; David Ayuku; George Ayodo; Emily Abuonji; Mark Nyalumbe; Amy K Giella; Julie N Hook; Tuan M Tran; Megan S McHenry Journal: J Int Neuropsychol Soc Date: 2021-05-24 Impact factor: 2.892