Umesh Kapil1, R M Pandey2, Rahul Bansal3, Bhavana Pant3, Amit Mohan Varshney3, Chander Prakash Yadav2, Shikha Sinha4, Neha Sareen1, Harshpal Singh Sachdev4. 1. 1Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition,All India Institute of Medical Sciences,New Delhi 110608,India. 2. 2Department of Biostatistics,All India Institute of Medical Sciences,New Delhi,India. 3. 3Department of Community Medicine,Subharti Medical College,Meerut,Uttar Pradesh,India. 4. 4Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Epidemiology,Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research,New Delhi,India.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the predictive ability of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) for detecting severe wasting (weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) <-3) among children aged 6-59 months. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Rural Uttar Pradesh, India. SUBJECTS: Children (n 18 456) for whom both WHZ (n 18 463) and MUAC were available. RESULTS: The diagnostic test accuracy of MUAC for severe wasting was excellent (area under receiver-operating characteristic curve = 0·933). Across the lower range of MUAC cut-offs (110-120 mm), specificity was excellent (99·1-99·9 %) but sensitivity was poor (13·4-37·2 %); with higher cut-offs (140-150 mm), sensitivity increased substantially (94·9-98·8 %) but at the expense of specificity (37·6-71·9 %). The optimal MUAC cut-off to detect severe wasting was 135 mm. Although the prevalence of severe wasting was constant at 2·2 %, the burden of severe acute malnutrition, defined as either severe wasting or low MUAC, increased from 2·46 to 17·26 % with cut-offs of <115 and <135 mm, respectively. An MUAC cut-off <115 mm preferentially selected children aged ≤12 months (OR=11·8; 95 % CI 8·4, 16·6) or ≤24 months (OR=23·4; 95 % CI 12·7, 43·4) and girls (OR=2·2; 95 % CI 1·6, 3·2). CONCLUSIONS: Based on important considerations for screening and case detection in the community, modification of the current WHO definition of severe acute malnutrition may not be warranted, especially in the Indian context.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the predictive ability of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) for detecting severe wasting (weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) <-3) among children aged 6-59 months. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Rural Uttar Pradesh, India. SUBJECTS:Children (n 18 456) for whom both WHZ (n 18 463) and MUAC were available. RESULTS: The diagnostic test accuracy of MUAC for severe wasting was excellent (area under receiver-operating characteristic curve = 0·933). Across the lower range of MUAC cut-offs (110-120 mm), specificity was excellent (99·1-99·9 %) but sensitivity was poor (13·4-37·2 %); with higher cut-offs (140-150 mm), sensitivity increased substantially (94·9-98·8 %) but at the expense of specificity (37·6-71·9 %). The optimal MUAC cut-off to detect severe wasting was 135 mm. Although the prevalence of severe wasting was constant at 2·2 %, the burden of severe acute malnutrition, defined as either severe wasting or low MUAC, increased from 2·46 to 17·26 % with cut-offs of <115 and <135 mm, respectively. An MUAC cut-off <115 mm preferentially selected children aged ≤12 months (OR=11·8; 95 % CI 8·4, 16·6) or ≤24 months (OR=23·4; 95 % CI 12·7, 43·4) and girls (OR=2·2; 95 % CI 1·6, 3·2). CONCLUSIONS: Based on important considerations for screening and case detection in the community, modification of the current WHO definition of severe acute malnutrition may not be warranted, especially in the Indian context.
Entities:
Keywords:
Mid-upper arm circumference; Severe acute malnutrition; Severe wasting; Under-5 children; cut-offs