Klaus Distelmaier1, Dominik Wiedemann2, Christina Binder1, Thomas Haberl3, Daniel Zimpfer3, Gottfried Heinz1, Herbert Koinig4, Alessia Felli5, Barbara Steinlechner5, Alexander Niessner1, Günther Laufer3, Irene M Lang1, Georg Goliasch1. 1. Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. 2. Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: dominik.wiedemann@meduniwien.ac.at. 3. Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. 4. University Hospital Krems, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria. 5. Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The overall therapeutic goal of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in patients with postcardiotomy shock is bridging to myocardial recovery. However, in patients with irreversible myocardial damage prolonged ECMO treatment would cause a delay or even withholding of further permanent potentially life-saving therapeutic options. We therefore assessed the prognostic effect of duration of ECMO support on survival in adult patients after cardiovascular surgery. METHODS: We enrolled into our single-center registry a total of 354 patients who underwent venoarterial ECMO support after cardiovascular surgery at a university-affiliated tertiary care center. RESULTS: Through a median follow-up period of 45 months (interquartile range, 20-81 months), 245 patients (69%) died. We observed an increase in mortality with increasing duration of ECMO support. The association between increased duration of ECMO support and mortality persisted in patients who survived ECMO support with a crude hazard ratio of 1.96 (95% confidence interval, 1.40-2.74; P < .001) for 2-year mortality compared with the third tertile and the second tertile of ECMO duration. This effect was even more pronounced after multivariate adjustment using a bootstrap-selected confounder model with an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.30 (95% confidence interval, 1.52-3.48; P < .001) for 2-year long-term mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged venoarterial ECMO support is associated with poor outcome in adult patients after cardiovascular surgery. Our data suggest reevaluation of therapeutic strategies after 7 days of ECMO support because mortality disproportionally increases afterward.
OBJECTIVE: The overall therapeutic goal of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in patients with postcardiotomy shock is bridging to myocardial recovery. However, in patients with irreversible myocardial damage prolonged ECMO treatment would cause a delay or even withholding of further permanent potentially life-saving therapeutic options. We therefore assessed the prognostic effect of duration of ECMO support on survival in adult patients after cardiovascular surgery. METHODS: We enrolled into our single-center registry a total of 354 patients who underwent venoarterial ECMO support after cardiovascular surgery at a university-affiliated tertiary care center. RESULTS: Through a median follow-up period of 45 months (interquartile range, 20-81 months), 245 patients (69%) died. We observed an increase in mortality with increasing duration of ECMO support. The association between increased duration of ECMO support and mortality persisted in patients who survived ECMO support with a crude hazard ratio of 1.96 (95% confidence interval, 1.40-2.74; P < .001) for 2-year mortality compared with the third tertile and the second tertile of ECMO duration. This effect was even more pronounced after multivariate adjustment using a bootstrap-selected confounder model with an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.30 (95% confidence interval, 1.52-3.48; P < .001) for 2-year long-term mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged venoarterial ECMO support is associated with poor outcome in adult patients after cardiovascular surgery. Our data suggest reevaluation of therapeutic strategies after 7 days of ECMO support because mortality disproportionally increases afterward.
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