S R Santhosh1, S Sampath2, P Sannigrahi3, A Gupta4, D K Khukhar5. 1. Associate Professor (Aviation Pathology and Toxicology), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, IAF, Bangalore, India. 2. Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Armed Force Medical College, Pune 411040, India. 3. Medical Officer, Air Force Station, Kalaikunda, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India. 4. Assistant Professor (Aviation Pathology and Toxicology), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, IAF, Bangalore, India. 5. Assistant Professor (High Altitude Physiology), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, IAF, Bangalore, India.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Lactic acid is being routinely used as a marker of hypoxia in aircrash investigation. Since lactic acid estimation as a marker of hypoxia in postmortem samples for aircrash investigation is prone to many interfering factors, like the postmortem production and hemolysis. A study was carried out to evaluate other hypoxia markers other than lactic acid which could be later added as markers of hypoxia in postmortem investigations of aircraft accidents. METHODS: 25 healthy males of age 20-40 yrs volunteered participants were subjected to an simulated altitude of 15,000 ft for 30 min and the mean plasma concentration of Hypoxia Inducing Factor 1α (HIF 1α), Erythropoietin (EPO), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and lactic acid (LA) were analyzed from their venous blood sample collected at 4 intervals viz. Ground level pre exposure, 15,000 ft at 15 min, 15,000 ft at 30 min and Ground level 3 h post exposure. RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed significant increase in mean plasma concentration of lactic acid, HIF-1α and EPO on exposure for duration of 15 min and 30 min at an altitude of 15,000 ft. CONCLUSION: Our study reveals that HIF-1α and EPO are sensitive to hypoxia exposure as compared to lactic acid and can be used in association with LA as hypoxia markers. However stability of these proteins in postmortem conditions needs to be studied and the potential for estimation of mRNA transcripts of HIF-1α and EPO, which would be stable in postmortem conditions, can be explored.
BACKGROUND: Lactic acid is being routinely used as a marker of hypoxia in aircrash investigation. Since lactic acid estimation as a marker of hypoxia in postmortem samples for aircrash investigation is prone to many interfering factors, like the postmortem production and hemolysis. A study was carried out to evaluate other hypoxia markers other than lactic acid which could be later added as markers of hypoxia in postmortem investigations of aircraft accidents. METHODS: 25 healthy males of age 20-40 yrs volunteered participants were subjected to an simulated altitude of 15,000 ft for 30 min and the mean plasma concentration of Hypoxia Inducing Factor 1α (HIF 1α), Erythropoietin (EPO), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and lactic acid (LA) were analyzed from their venous blood sample collected at 4 intervals viz. Ground level pre exposure, 15,000 ft at 15 min, 15,000 ft at 30 min and Ground level 3 h post exposure. RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed significant increase in mean plasma concentration of lactic acid, HIF-1α and EPO on exposure for duration of 15 min and 30 min at an altitude of 15,000 ft. CONCLUSION: Our study reveals that HIF-1α and EPO are sensitive to hypoxia exposure as compared to lactic acid and can be used in association with LA as hypoxia markers. However stability of these proteins in postmortem conditions needs to be studied and the potential for estimation of mRNA transcripts of HIF-1α and EPO, which would be stable in postmortem conditions, can be explored.
Entities:
Keywords:
Aircrash investigation; ELISA and Hypobaric chamber; Hypoxia markers
Authors: V Pavlicek; H H Marti; S Grad; J S Gibbs; C Kol; R H Wenger; M Gassmann; J Kohl; F E Maly; O Oelz; E A Koller; C Schirlo Journal: Eur J Appl Physiol Date: 2000-04 Impact factor: 3.078
Authors: Ri-Li Ge; S Witkowski; Y Zhang; C Alfrey; M Sivieri; T Karlsen; G K Resaland; M Harber; J Stray-Gundersen; B D Levine Journal: J Appl Physiol (1985) Date: 2002-06