M C Cornelis1, I Erlund2, G A Michelotti3, C Herder4,5, J A Westerhuis6,7, J Tuomilehto8,9,10,11. 1. Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. 2. Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. 3. Metabolon Inc., Durham, NC, USA. 4. Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. 5. German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany. 6. Biosystems Data Analysis, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 7. Centre for Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa. 8. Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait. 9. Department of Neuroscience and Preventive Medicine, Danube-University Krems, Krems, Austria. 10. Disease Risk Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. 11. Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Coffee is widely consumed and contains many bioactive compounds, any of which may impact pathways related to disease development. OBJECTIVE: To identify individual metabolite changes in response to coffee. METHODS: We profiled the metabolome of fasting serum samples collected from a previously reported single-blinded, three-stage clinical trial. Forty-seven habitual coffee consumers refrained from drinking coffee for 1 month, consumed four cups of coffee/day in the second month and eight cups/day in the third month. Samples collected after each coffee stage were subject to nontargeted metabolomic profiling using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. A total of 733 metabolites were included for univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: A total of 115 metabolites were significantly associated with coffee intake (P < 0.05 and Q < 0.05). Eighty-two were of known identity and mapped to one of 33 predefined biological pathways. We observed a significant enrichment of metabolite members of five pathways (P < 0.05): (i) xanthine metabolism: includes caffeine metabolites, (ii) benzoate metabolism: reflects polyphenol metabolite products of gut microbiota metabolism, (iii) steroid: novel but may reflect phytosterol content of coffee, (iv) fatty acid metabolism (acylcholine): novel link to coffee and (v) endocannabinoid: novel link to coffee. CONCLUSIONS: The novel metabolites and candidate pathways we have identified may provide new insight into the mechanisms by which coffee may be exerting its health effects.
BACKGROUND: Coffee is widely consumed and contains many bioactive compounds, any of which may impact pathways related to disease development. OBJECTIVE: To identify individual metabolite changes in response to coffee. METHODS: We profiled the metabolome of fasting serum samples collected from a previously reported single-blinded, three-stage clinical trial. Forty-seven habitual coffee consumers refrained from drinking coffee for 1 month, consumed four cups of coffee/day in the second month and eight cups/day in the third month. Samples collected after each coffee stage were subject to nontargeted metabolomic profiling using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. A total of 733 metabolites were included for univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: A total of 115 metabolites were significantly associated with coffee intake (P < 0.05 and Q < 0.05). Eighty-two were of known identity and mapped to one of 33 predefined biological pathways. We observed a significant enrichment of metabolite members of five pathways (P < 0.05): (i) xanthine metabolism: includes caffeine metabolites, (ii) benzoate metabolism: reflects polyphenol metabolite products of gut microbiota metabolism, (iii) steroid: novel but may reflect phytosterol content of coffee, (iv) fatty acid metabolism (acylcholine): novel link to coffee and (v) endocannabinoid: novel link to coffee. CONCLUSIONS: The novel metabolites and candidate pathways we have identified may provide new insight into the mechanisms by which coffee may be exerting its health effects.
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