Homayoun Nikkhah1,2, Kiumars Heidari Garfami1, Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi1,3, Ebrahim Mohammad Nashtaei1,3, Saeed Karimi1,2, Masoud Soheilian1,3,4. 1. Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 16666, Iran. 2. Torfeh Eye Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 16666, Iran. 3. Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 16666, Iran. 4. Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 16666, Iran.
Abstract
AIM: To determine the safe dose of intravitreal clonidine (IVC), a potential drug for neuroprotection and angiogenesis inhibition in rabbits. METHODS: A total of 28 rabbits were divided into four groups. Three groups received IVC with concentrations of 15 (Group A), 25 (Group B), and 50 (Group C) µg/0.1 mL and the control group (Group D) received 0.1 mL balanced salt solution (BSS). To investigate IVC safety, electroretinography (ERG) was performed at baseline, then at 1, 4 and 8wk after injection. After last ERG, all rabbits were euthanized, their eyes were enucleated and subjected to routine histopathological evaluation, immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) test. RESULTS: Based on ERG, histopathology, GFAP and TUNEL assay findings, 15 µg IVC was determined as the safe dose in rabbit eyes. While, the results of routine histopathology and TUNEL assay were unremarkable in all groups, toxic effects attributed to 25 and 50 µg IVC were demonstrated by ERG and GFAP tests. CONCLUSION: Totally 15 µg clonidine is determined as the safe dose for intravitreal injection in rabbits. Contribution of IVC in neuroprotection and inhibition of angiogenesis deserve more studies.
AIM: To determine the safe dose of intravitreal clonidine (IVC), a potential drug for neuroprotection and angiogenesis inhibition in rabbits. METHODS: A total of 28 rabbits were divided into four groups. Three groups received IVC with concentrations of 15 (Group A), 25 (Group B), and 50 (Group C) µg/0.1 mL and the control group (Group D) received 0.1 mL balanced salt solution (BSS). To investigate IVC safety, electroretinography (ERG) was performed at baseline, then at 1, 4 and 8wk after injection. After last ERG, all rabbits were euthanized, their eyes were enucleated and subjected to routine histopathological evaluation, immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) test. RESULTS: Based on ERG, histopathology, GFAP and TUNEL assay findings, 15 µg IVC was determined as the safe dose in rabbit eyes. While, the results of routine histopathology and TUNEL assay were unremarkable in all groups, toxic effects attributed to 25 and 50 µg IVC were demonstrated by ERG and GFAP tests. CONCLUSION: Totally 15 µg clonidine is determined as the safe dose for intravitreal injection in rabbits. Contribution of IVC in neuroprotection and inhibition of angiogenesis deserve more studies.
Authors: Shereen Nizari; Li Guo; Benjamin M Davis; Eduardo M Normando; Joana Galvao; Lisa A Turner; Mukhtar Bizrah; Mohammad Dehabadi; Kailin Tian; M Francesca Cordeiro Journal: Cell Death Dis Date: 2016-12-08 Impact factor: 8.469