Cletus Uche Eze1, Charles Ugwoke Eze2, Adekunle Adeyomoye3. 1. Department of Radiation Biology, Radiotherapy, Radiodiagnosis and Radiography, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Ishaga Road, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria. ceze@unilag.edu.ng. 2. Department of Medical Radiography and Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria. 3. Department of Radiation Biology, Radiotherapy, Radiodiagnosis and Radiography, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Ishaga Road, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria.
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the role of kidney echogenicity and morphology in the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In the cross-sectional study, a sample of 340 anti-retroviral therapy (ART)-naïve AIDS patients underwent laboratory CD4+ count, serum creatinine determination and sonographic renal echogenicity grading and size measurement. Rounded kidneys were described as bulbous while bean-shaped kidneys were described as reniform; echogenicity was categorized into grades 0, 1, 2 and 3. Kidney length, width, thickness and volume were measured in HIVAN and control groups. RESULTS: Mean age of the population was 42.7 ± 9.4 years; 87.4% had HIVAN. Mean CD4+ count, serum creatinine and GFR for HIVAN patients were 153.1 ± 103.2 cells/mm3, 218.4 ± 147.4 mmol/L and 50.1 ± 23.6 mL/min/1.73 m2 for males and 121.9 ± 91.0 cells/mm3, and 222.0 ± 150.4 mmol/L and 39.3 ± 20.6 mL/min/1.73 m2 for females, respectively; control subjects and non-HIVAN patients had grade 0 renal echogenicity; 56.9% of HIVAN patients had echogenicity grade 3; 5.3% had kidney length < 10 cm; 73.9% had bulbous kidneys; the kidney was significantly wider and thicker in HIVAN (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Sonographic evaluation of renal echogenicity and morphology can reliably predict HIVAN diagnosis. Apathy to screening and late presentation were high while HIV/AIDS remains an important public health problem in the city of Lagos. Unilateral reduction in kidney size could be a major sequela of AIDS while sonographic measurement of absolute kidney length appears inadequate in the evaluation of AIDS patients with nephropathy.
AIM: To evaluate the role of kidney echogenicity and morphology in the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In the cross-sectional study, a sample of 340 anti-retroviral therapy (ART)-naïve AIDSpatients underwent laboratory CD4+ count, serum creatinine determination and sonographic renal echogenicity grading and size measurement. Rounded kidneys were described as bulbous while bean-shaped kidneys were described as reniform; echogenicity was categorized into grades 0, 1, 2 and 3. Kidney length, width, thickness and volume were measured in HIVAN and control groups. RESULTS: Mean age of the population was 42.7 ± 9.4 years; 87.4% had HIVAN. Mean CD4+ count, serum creatinine and GFR for HIVAN patients were 153.1 ± 103.2 cells/mm3, 218.4 ± 147.4 mmol/L and 50.1 ± 23.6 mL/min/1.73 m2 for males and 121.9 ± 91.0 cells/mm3, and 222.0 ± 150.4 mmol/L and 39.3 ± 20.6 mL/min/1.73 m2 for females, respectively; control subjects and non-HIVAN patients had grade 0 renal echogenicity; 56.9% of HIVAN patients had echogenicity grade 3; 5.3% had kidney length < 10 cm; 73.9% had bulbous kidneys; the kidney was significantly wider and thicker in HIVAN (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Sonographic evaluation of renal echogenicity and morphology can reliably predict HIVAN diagnosis. Apathy to screening and late presentation were high while HIV/AIDS remains an important public health problem in the city of Lagos. Unilateral reduction in kidney size could be a major sequela of AIDS while sonographic measurement of absolute kidney length appears inadequate in the evaluation of AIDSpatients with nephropathy.
Authors: Zachary Z Brener; Peter Kotanko; Stephan Thijssen; James F Winchester; Michael Bergman Journal: Am J Med Sci Date: 2010-05 Impact factor: 2.378
Authors: Theodore D Ruel; Brian C Zanoni; Isaac Ssewanyana; Huyen Cao; Diane V Havlir; Moses Kamya; Jane Achan; Edwin D Charlebois; Margaret E Feeney Journal: Clin Infect Dis Date: 2011-08-12 Impact factor: 9.079
Authors: Angela Meier; J Judy Chang; Ellen S Chan; Richard B Pollard; Harlyn K Sidhu; Smita Kulkarni; Tom Fang Wen; Robert J Lindsay; Liliana Orellana; Donna Mildvan; Suzane Bazner; Hendrik Streeck; Galit Alter; Jeffrey D Lifson; Mary Carrington; Ronald J Bosch; Gregory K Robbins; Marcus Altfeld Journal: Nat Med Date: 2009-07-13 Impact factor: 53.440
Authors: H Hricak; C Cruz; R Romanski; M H Uniewski; N W Levin; B L Madrazo; M A Sandler; W R Eyler Journal: Radiology Date: 1982-07 Impact factor: 11.105
Authors: Godfather Dickson Kimaro; Sayoki Mfinanga; Victoria Simms; Sokoine Kivuyo; Christian Bottomley; Neil Hawkins; Thomas S Harrison; Shabbar Jaffar; Lorna Guinness Journal: PLoS One Date: 2017-02-24 Impact factor: 3.240