Objective: To evaluate the outcomes and prognostic factors of patients with refractory and relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) . Methods: The overall survival (OS) , disease free survival (DFS) , acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) , relapse rate (RR) , transplantation related mortality (TRM) and their related risk factors were analyzed retrospectively. Results: All the patients (median age 35 years, range 6 to 58) received myeloablative conditioning regimens. All patients had successful engraftment, and the median time of neutrophils engraftment was 14 days (range 9 to 25) . Of the patients who survived more than 100 days, the accumulative incidence of grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ acute GVHD and chronic GVHD (cGVHD) were 27.3% (95%CI 18.9%-36.3%) , 33.9% (95%CI 24.6%-43.5%) , respectively. Meanwhile, the accumulative incidence of extensive cGVHD was 9.3% (95%CI 4.5%-16.1%) . The 3-year OS, DFS, RR, and TRM was 45.0% (95%CI 34.6%-55.4%) , 45.0% (95%CI 34.8%-55.2%) , 36.6% (95%CI 26.9%-46.4%) and 19.7% (95%CI 12.4%-28.3%) respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed four independent risk factors: non remission status before transplantation[P=0.009, HR=2.21 (95%CI 1.22-4.04) ], WBC at diagnosis>50×10(9)/L[P=0.024, HR=2.11 (95%CI 1.11-4.02) ], donor age>35 years [P=0.031, HR=1.96 (95%CI 1.06-3.60) ]and without cGVHD[P=0.008, HR=0.38 (95%CI 0.18-0.78) ]. According to the risk factors before transplantation (non remission status, WBC at diagnosis>50×10(9)/L, donor age>35 years) , we then defined three subgroups with striking different OS at 3 years: no adverse factor (75.0%) ; one adverse factor (46.9%) ; two or three adverse factors (15.4%) (χ(2)=26.873, P<0.001) . Conclusion: Allo-HSCT is a promising and safe choice for patients with refractory and relapsed AML and relapse is the major cause of the transplantation failure. Disease status before transplantation, donor age, WBC at diagnosis and cGVHD are confirmed as prognostic factors for these patients who received allo-HSCT.
Objective: To evaluate the outcomes and prognostic factors of patients with refractory and relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) . Methods: The overall survival (OS) , disease free survival (DFS) , acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) , relapse rate (RR) , transplantation related mortality (TRM) and their related risk factors were analyzed retrospectively. Results: All the patients (median age 35 years, range 6 to 58) received myeloablative conditioning regimens. All patients had successful engraftment, and the median time of neutrophils engraftment was 14 days (range 9 to 25) . Of the patients who survived more than 100 days, the accumulative incidence of grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ acute GVHD and chronic GVHD (cGVHD) were 27.3% (95%CI 18.9%-36.3%) , 33.9% (95%CI 24.6%-43.5%) , respectively. Meanwhile, the accumulative incidence of extensive cGVHD was 9.3% (95%CI 4.5%-16.1%) . The 3-year OS, DFS, RR, and TRM was 45.0% (95%CI 34.6%-55.4%) , 45.0% (95%CI 34.8%-55.2%) , 36.6% (95%CI 26.9%-46.4%) and 19.7% (95%CI 12.4%-28.3%) respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed four independent risk factors: non remission status before transplantation[P=0.009, HR=2.21 (95%CI 1.22-4.04) ], WBC at diagnosis>50×10(9)/L[P=0.024, HR=2.11 (95%CI 1.11-4.02) ], donor age>35 years [P=0.031, HR=1.96 (95%CI 1.06-3.60) ]and without cGVHD[P=0.008, HR=0.38 (95%CI 0.18-0.78) ]. According to the risk factors before transplantation (non remission status, WBC at diagnosis>50×10(9)/L, donor age>35 years) , we then defined three subgroups with striking different OS at 3 years: no adverse factor (75.0%) ; one adverse factor (46.9%) ; two or three adverse factors (15.4%) (χ(2)=26.873, P<0.001) . Conclusion: Allo-HSCT is a promising and safe choice for patients with refractory and relapsed AML and relapse is the major cause of the transplantation failure. Disease status before transplantation, donor age, WBC at diagnosis and cGVHD are confirmed as prognostic factors for these patients who received allo-HSCT.
6.复发和移植相关死亡:共37例患者复发,中位复发时间为5.9(1.1~41.9)个月,3年累积复发率为36.6%(95% CI 26.9%~46.4%)(图3)。37例复发患者中36例死亡,复发至死亡的中位时间为2.7(0.1~56.7)个月;另1例移植后17.6个月复发,经过再诱导化疗后取得再次缓解,末次随访距复发3个月,目前仍处于CR状态。移植前CR组(68例)、未缓解组(31例)移植后3年累积复发率分别为26.4%(95% CI 16.1%~37.7%)、58.1%(95%CI 38.2%~73.5%)(P<0.001);共90例患者生存超过100 d,移植后未发生cGVHD组(57例)的3年累积复发率高于发生cGVHD组(33例)[44.7%(95% CI 32.2%~56.5%)对21.5%(95%CI 8.0%~39.1%),P=0.020]。
图3
99例难治/复发急性髓系白血病患者异基因造血干细胞移植后累积复发曲线
共19例患者死于治疗相关并发症,3年累积TRM为19.7%(95% CI 12.4%~28.3%)(图4)。死亡原因:严重肺部真菌感染13例(68.4%),心律失常1例(5.3%),脑出血3例(15.8%),严重GVHD 2例(10.5%);其中6例血小板未植入患者中3例死于严重肺部真菌感染,1例死于脑出血,2例死于复发。移植前CR组、未缓解组移植后3年累积TRM分别为17.7%(95%CI 9.7%~27.7%)、25.0%(95%CI 9.9%~43.5%),差异无统计学意义(P=0.580);移植后发生cGVHD组、未发生cGVHD组3年累积TRM分别为14.1%(95%CI 4.0%~30.2%)、22.9%(95%CI 13.6%~33.8%),差异无统计学意义(P=0.180)。供者年龄≤35岁组和>35岁组、初诊WBC>50×109/L组和≤50×109/L组比较,3年累积TRM差异均无统计学意义(P=0.241,P=0.167)。
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