Julia C Schmidt1, Monika Astasov-Frauenhoffer2, Tuomas Waltimo2, Roland Weiger1, Clemens Walter3. 1. Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 3, 4056, Basel, Switzerland. 2. Clinic of Preventive Dentistry and Oral Microbiology, University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. 3. Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 3, 4056, Basel, Switzerland. clemens.walter@unibas.ch.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of different oscillation frequencies of three powered toothbrushes with side-to-side action for noncontact biofilm removal in an artificial interdental space model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A three-species biofilm (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus sanguinis) was formed in vitro on protein-coated titanium disks using a flow chamber system combined with a static biofilm growth model. The oscillation frequencies of three commercial side-to-side toothbrushes were evaluated by means of a dose response. The frequency was decreased in steps (100, 85, 70, 55, and 40%). Subsequently, the biofilm-coated substrates were exposed to the side-to-side toothbrushes. The biofilm volumes were measured using volumetric analyses (Imaris 8.1.2) with confocal laser scanning microscope images (Zeiss LSM700). RESULTS: Compared to maximum oscillation frequency (100%), lower oscillation frequencies (up to 40%) resulted in reduced median percentages of biofilm reduction (median biofilm reduction up to 53% for maximum oscillation frequency, and up to 13% for 40% oscillation frequency) (p ≥ 0.03). In addition, decreasing the oscillation frequencies of the side-to-side toothbrushes showed an enhanced variety in the results of repeated experiments. CONCLUSIONS: The oscillation frequency of the tested side-to-side toothbrushes affected the biofilm reduction in an interdental space model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Within a toothbrush, higher oscillation frequencies may lead to beneficial effects on interdental biofilm removal by noncontact brushing.
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of different oscillation frequencies of three powered toothbrushes with side-to-side action for noncontact biofilm removal in an artificial interdental space model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A three-species biofilm (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus sanguinis) was formed in vitro on protein-coated titanium disks using a flow chamber system combined with a static biofilm growth model. The oscillation frequencies of three commercial side-to-side toothbrushes were evaluated by means of a dose response. The frequency was decreased in steps (100, 85, 70, 55, and 40%). Subsequently, the biofilm-coated substrates were exposed to the side-to-side toothbrushes. The biofilm volumes were measured using volumetric analyses (Imaris 8.1.2) with confocal laser scanning microscope images (Zeiss LSM700). RESULTS: Compared to maximum oscillation frequency (100%), lower oscillation frequencies (up to 40%) resulted in reduced median percentages of biofilm reduction (median biofilm reduction up to 53% for maximum oscillation frequency, and up to 13% for 40% oscillation frequency) (p ≥ 0.03). In addition, decreasing the oscillation frequencies of the side-to-side toothbrushes showed an enhanced variety in the results of repeated experiments. CONCLUSIONS: The oscillation frequency of the tested side-to-side toothbrushes affected the biofilm reduction in an interdental space model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Within a toothbrush, higher oscillation frequencies may lead to beneficial effects on interdental biofilm removal by noncontact brushing.
Authors: Paul E Kolenbrander; Robert J Palmer; Alexander H Rickard; Nicholas S Jakubovics; Natalia I Chalmers; Patricia I Diaz Journal: Periodontol 2000 Date: 2006 Impact factor: 7.589
Authors: Julia C Schmidt; Monika Astasov-Frauenhoffer; Tuomas Waltimo; Roland Weiger; Clemens Walter Journal: Clin Oral Investig Date: 2016-10-19 Impact factor: 3.573
Authors: Julia C Difloe-Geisert; Sarah Fiedler; Eva M Kulik; Nadine Schlueter; Carolina Ganss; Clemens Walter Journal: Clin Oral Investig Date: 2022-01-11 Impact factor: 3.573