Patricia Sanmartín-Salinas1, María Del Val Toledo Lobo2, Fernando Noguerales-Fraguas3,4, Miguel Toro Londoño1, Antonio Jiménez-Ruiz1, Luis Gonzalez Guijarro5,6. 1. Department of System Biology,Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Alcalá, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Spain. 2. Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology,Unit of Cell Biology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain. 3. Department of Surgery and Medical and Social Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain. 4. Department of General Surgery, Príncipe de Asturias Hospital, Alcalá de Henares, Spain. 5. Department of System Biology,Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Alcalá, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Spain. luis.gonzalez@uah.es. 6. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain. luis.gonzalez@uah.es.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Insulin receptor substrate 4 (IRS-4) is an adaptor protein for which new evidence suggests plays a role in tumour promotion. METHODS: We described nuclear IRS-4 in RKO colon cancer cell lines in biopsies of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) (n = 20) and in matched adjacent normal colorectal (MANC) tissue (n = 20). RESULTS: Treatment with physiological doses of IGF-1 promoted nuclear influx of IRS-4 from cellular cytosol in RKO cells. When exogenous IRS-4 was overexpressed in RKO cells, there was an increase in cyclin D1, cyclin E, E2F1, pRB Ser 809/811 and pRB Ser 705 levels compared with the empty vector-transfected cells. Some of these changes returned to control values after wortmannin treatment. Subcellular fractionation showed an overexpression of IRS-4 in the cytoplasm, membrane, and nuclei of tumour samples, whereas the levels of the protein were barely detectable in the three compartments of normal samples. Immunohistochemical studies showed positive nuclear IRS-4 staining in over 74% of the tumour cells. IRS-4 was strongly overexpressed in tumoural tissues from CRC patients compared to MANC tissues. The up-regulation of IRS-4 in CRC samples correlated significantly with the increase of several G1 checkpoint proteins including cyclin D1 (r = 0.6662), Rb (r = 0.7779), pRb Serine 809/811 (r = 0.6864), pRb serine 705 (r = 0.6261) and E2F1 (r = 0.8702). CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our findings suggest that IRS-4 promotes retinoblastoma-cyclin-dependent kinase activation and it may serve as a pharmacological target since its expression is very low in normal tissue, including colonic epithelium.
BACKGROUND:Insulin receptor substrate 4 (IRS-4) is an adaptor protein for which new evidence suggests plays a role in tumour promotion. METHODS: We described nuclear IRS-4 in RKO colon cancer cell lines in biopsies of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) (n = 20) and in matched adjacent normal colorectal (MANC) tissue (n = 20). RESULTS: Treatment with physiological doses of IGF-1 promoted nuclear influx of IRS-4 from cellular cytosol in RKO cells. When exogenous IRS-4 was overexpressed in RKO cells, there was an increase in cyclin D1, cyclin E, E2F1, pRBSer 809/811 and pRBSer 705 levels compared with the empty vector-transfected cells. Some of these changes returned to control values after wortmannin treatment. Subcellular fractionation showed an overexpression of IRS-4 in the cytoplasm, membrane, and nuclei of tumour samples, whereas the levels of the protein were barely detectable in the three compartments of normal samples. Immunohistochemical studies showed positive nuclear IRS-4 staining in over 74% of the tumour cells. IRS-4 was strongly overexpressed in tumoural tissues from CRC patients compared to MANC tissues. The up-regulation of IRS-4 in CRC samples correlated significantly with the increase of several G1 checkpoint proteins including cyclin D1 (r = 0.6662), Rb (r = 0.7779), pRbSerine 809/811 (r = 0.6864), pRbserine 705 (r = 0.6261) and E2F1 (r = 0.8702). CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our findings suggest that IRS-4 promotes retinoblastoma-cyclin-dependent kinase activation and it may serve as a pharmacological target since its expression is very low in normal tissue, including colonic epithelium.
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