Luana Beatriz Dos Santos Nascimento1,2, Paula Fernandes de Aguiar3, Marcos Vinicius Leal-Costa4, Marcela Araújo Soares Coutinho5,6, Maria Paula Gonçalves Borsodi7, Bartira Rossi-Bergmann7, Eliana Schwartz Tavares1, Sônia Soares Costa5. 1. Department of Botany, Institute of Biology (IB), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 2. Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology and Bioprocesses, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 3. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Instiute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 4. Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFF), Cabo Frio, RJ, Brazil. 5. Laboratory of Chemistry for Bioactive Natural Products, Natural Products Research Institute (IPPN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 6. Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFRJ), Maracanã Unit, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 7. Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The medicinal plant Kalanchoe pinnata is a phenolic-rich species used worldwide. The reports on its pharmacological uses have increased by 70% in the last 10 years. The leaves of this plant are the main source of an unusual quercetin-diglycosyl flavonoid (QAR, quercetin arabinopyranosyl rhamnopyranoside), which can be easily extracted using water. QAR possess a strong in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. OBJECTIVE: To optimize the aqueous extraction of QAR from K. pinnata leaves using a three-level full factorial design. MATERIAL AND METHODS: After a previous screening design, time (x1 ) and temperature (x2 ) were chosen as the two independent variables for optimization. Freeze-dried leaves were extracted with water (20% w/v), at 30°C, 40°C or 50°C for 5, 18 or 30 min. QAR content (determined by HPLC-DAD) and yield of extracts were analyzed. The optimized extracts were also evaluated for cytotoxicity. RESULTS: The optimal heating times for extract yield and QAR content were similar in two-dimensional (2D) surface responses (between 12.8 and 30 min), but their optimal extraction temperatures were ranged between 40°C and 50°C for QAR content and 30°C and 38°C for extract yield. A compromise region for both parameters was at the mean points that were 40°C for the extraction temperature and 18 min for the total time. CONCLUSION: The optimized process is faster and spends less energy than the previous one (water; 30 min at 55°C); therefore is greener and more attractive for industrial purposes. This is the first report of extraction optimization of this bioactive flavonoid.
INTRODUCTION: The medicinal plant Kalanchoe pinnata is a phenolic-rich species used worldwide. The reports on its pharmacological uses have increased by 70% in the last 10 years. The leaves of this plant are the main source of an unusual quercetin-diglycosyl flavonoid (QAR, quercetin arabinopyranosyl rhamnopyranoside), which can be easily extracted using water. QAR possess a strong in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. OBJECTIVE: To optimize the aqueous extraction of QAR from K. pinnata leaves using a three-level full factorial design. MATERIAL AND METHODS: After a previous screening design, time (x1 ) and temperature (x2 ) were chosen as the two independent variables for optimization. Freeze-dried leaves were extracted with water (20% w/v), at 30°C, 40°C or 50°C for 5, 18 or 30 min. QAR content (determined by HPLC-DAD) and yield of extracts were analyzed. The optimized extracts were also evaluated for cytotoxicity. RESULTS: The optimal heating times for extract yield and QAR content were similar in two-dimensional (2D) surface responses (between 12.8 and 30 min), but their optimal extraction temperatures were ranged between 40°C and 50°C for QAR content and 30°C and 38°C for extract yield. A compromise region for both parameters was at the mean points that were 40°C for the extraction temperature and 18 min for the total time. CONCLUSION: The optimized process is faster and spends less energy than the previous one (water; 30 min at 55°C); therefore is greener and more attractive for industrial purposes. This is the first report of extraction optimization of this bioactive flavonoid.
Authors: Estela M G Lourenço; Júlia M Fernandes; Vinícius de F Carvalho; Raphael Grougnet; Marco A Martins; Alessandro K Jordão; Silvana M Zucolotto; Euzébio G Barbosa Journal: Front Pharmacol Date: 2020-01-22 Impact factor: 5.810
Authors: Edilane Rodrigues Dantas De Araújo; Gerlane Coelho Bernardo Guerra; Anderson Wilbur Lopes Andrade; Júlia Morais Fernandes; Valéria Costa Da Silva; Emanuella De Aragão Tavares; Aurigena Antunes De Araújo; Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo Júnior; Silvana Maria Zucolotto Journal: Front Pharmacol Date: 2021-12-16 Impact factor: 5.810
Authors: Kassia Martins Fernandes Pereira; Ana Calheiros de Carvalho; Thiago André Moura Veiga; Adam Melgoza; Raúl Bonne Hernández; Simone Dos Santos Grecco; Mary Uchiyama Nakamura; Su Guo Journal: PLoS One Date: 2022-03-09 Impact factor: 3.240