Maureen McCauley1, Adam Mussell1, David Goldberg1,2, Deirdre Sawinski3, Rodolfo N Molina4, Ricarda Tomlin4, Sahil D Doshi5, Peter Abt6, Roy Bloom3, Emily Blumberg7, Sanjay Kulkarni4, Gabriela Esnaola8, Justine Shults1, Carrie Thiessen4, Peter P Reese1,3,9,10. 1. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA. 2. Gastroenterology Division, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA. 3. Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA. 4. Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. 5. University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA. 6. Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA. 7. Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA. 8. Yale University, New Haven, CT. 9. Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA. 10. Center for Health Incentives and Behavioral Economics at the Leonard Davis Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Despite effective antiviral treatment, hundreds of kidneys from deceased donors with hepatitis C virus (HCV) are discarded annually. Little is known about the determinants of willingness to accept HCV-infected kidneys among HCV-negative patients. METHODS: At 2 centers, 189 patients undergoing initial or reevaluation for transplant made 12 hypothetical decisions about accepting HCV-infected kidneys in which we systematically varied expected HCV cure rate, allograft quality, and wait time for an uninfected kidney. RESULTS: Only 29% of the participants would accept an HCV-infected kidney under all scenarios, whereas 53% accepted some offers and rejected others, and 18% rejected all HCV-infected kidneys. Higher cure rate (odds ratio [OR], 3.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.33-5.24 for 95% vs 75% probability of HCV cure), younger donor (OR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.91-2.88 for a 20-year-old vs a 60-year-old hypertensive donor), and longer wait for an uninfected kidney (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.22-1.67 for 5 years vs 2 years) were associated with greater willingness to accept an HCV-infected kidney. Black race modified the effect of HCV cure rate, such that willingness to accept a kidney increased less for blacks versus whites as the cure rate improved. Patients older than 60 years and prior kidney recipients showed greater willingness to accept an HCV-infected organ. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients will consider an HCV-infected kidney in some situations. Future trials using HCV-infected kidneys may enhance enrollment by targeting older patients and prior transplant recipients, but centers should anticipate that black patients' acceptance of HCV-infected kidneys will be reduced compared with white patients.
BACKGROUND: Despite effective antiviral treatment, hundreds of kidneys from deceased donors with hepatitis C virus (HCV) are discarded annually. Little is known about the determinants of willingness to accept HCV-infected kidneys among HCV-negative patients. METHODS: At 2 centers, 189 patients undergoing initial or reevaluation for transplant made 12 hypothetical decisions about accepting HCV-infected kidneys in which we systematically varied expected HCV cure rate, allograft quality, and wait time for an uninfected kidney. RESULTS: Only 29% of the participants would accept an HCV-infected kidney under all scenarios, whereas 53% accepted some offers and rejected others, and 18% rejected all HCV-infected kidneys. Higher cure rate (odds ratio [OR], 3.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.33-5.24 for 95% vs 75% probability of HCV cure), younger donor (OR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.91-2.88 for a 20-year-old vs a 60-year-old hypertensivedonor), and longer wait for an uninfected kidney (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.22-1.67 for 5 years vs 2 years) were associated with greater willingness to accept an HCV-infected kidney. Black race modified the effect of HCV cure rate, such that willingness to accept a kidney increased less for blacks versus whites as the cure rate improved. Patients older than 60 years and prior kidney recipients showed greater willingness to accept an HCV-infected organ. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients will consider an HCV-infected kidney in some situations. Future trials using HCV-infected kidneys may enhance enrollment by targeting older patients and prior transplant recipients, but centers should anticipate that black patients' acceptance of HCV-infected kidneys will be reduced compared with white patients.
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