Alexander J Butwick1, Anisha Abreo, Brian T Bateman, Henry C Lee, Yasser Y El-Sayed, Olof Stephansson, Pamela Flood. 1. From the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine (A.J.B., P.F.), the Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine (H.C.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Y.Y.E-S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; the California Maternal Quality Care Collaborative, Medical School Office Building, Stanford, California (A.A.); the Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (B.T.B.); the Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, and the Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (O.S.).
Abstract
BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether obesity is a risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage. The authors hypothesized that obese women are at greater risk of hemorrhage than women with a normal body mass index. METHODS: The authors conducted a cohort study of women who underwent delivery hospitalization in California between 2008 and 2012. Using multilevel regression, the authors examined the relationships between body mass index with hemorrhage (primary outcome), atonic hemorrhage, and severe hemorrhage (secondary outcomes). Stratified analyses were performed according to delivery mode. RESULTS: The absolute event rate for hemorrhage was 60,604/2,176,673 (2.8%). In this cohort, 4% of women were underweight, 49.1% of women were normal body mass index, 25.9% of women were overweight, and 12.7%, 5.2%, and 3.1% of women were in obesity class I, II, and III, respectively. Compared to normal body mass index women, the odds of hemorrhage and atonic hemorrhage were modestly increased for overweight women (hemorrhage: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.06; 99% CI, 1.04 to 1.08; atonic hemorrhage: aOR, 1.07; 99% CI, 1.05 to 1.09) and obesity class I (hemorrhage: aOR, 1.08; 99% CI, 1.05 to 1.11; atonic hemorrhage; aOR, 1.11; 99% CI, 1.08 to 1.15). After vaginal delivery, overweight and obese women had up to 19% increased odds of hemorrhage or atonic hemorrhage; whereas, after cesarean delivery, women in any obesity class had up to 14% decreased odds of severe hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS: The authors' findings suggest that, at most, maternal obesity has a modest effect on hemorrhage risk. The direction of the association between hemorrhage and body mass index may differ by delivery mode.
BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether obesity is a risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage. The authors hypothesized that obesewomen are at greater risk of hemorrhage than women with a normal body mass index. METHODS: The authors conducted a cohort study of women who underwent delivery hospitalization in California between 2008 and 2012. Using multilevel regression, the authors examined the relationships between body mass index with hemorrhage (primary outcome), atonic hemorrhage, and severe hemorrhage (secondary outcomes). Stratified analyses were performed according to delivery mode. RESULTS: The absolute event rate for hemorrhage was 60,604/2,176,673 (2.8%). In this cohort, 4% of women were underweight, 49.1% of women were normal body mass index, 25.9% of women were overweight, and 12.7%, 5.2%, and 3.1% of women were in obesity class I, II, and III, respectively. Compared to normal body mass index women, the odds of hemorrhage and atonic hemorrhage were modestly increased for overweight women (hemorrhage: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.06; 99% CI, 1.04 to 1.08; atonic hemorrhage: aOR, 1.07; 99% CI, 1.05 to 1.09) and obesity class I (hemorrhage: aOR, 1.08; 99% CI, 1.05 to 1.11; atonic hemorrhage; aOR, 1.11; 99% CI, 1.08 to 1.15). After vaginal delivery, overweight and obesewomen had up to 19% increased odds of hemorrhage or atonic hemorrhage; whereas, after cesarean delivery, women in any obesity class had up to 14% decreased odds of severe hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS: The authors' findings suggest that, at most, maternal obesity has a modest effect on hemorrhage risk. The direction of the association between hemorrhage and body mass index may differ by delivery mode.
Authors: William M Callaghan; William A Grobman; Sarah J Kilpatrick; Elliott K Main; Mary D'Alton Journal: Obstet Gynecol Date: 2014-05 Impact factor: 7.661
Authors: Samantha J Lain; Christine L Roberts; Ruth M Hadfield; Jane C Bell; Jonathan M Morris Journal: Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol Date: 2008-10 Impact factor: 2.100
Authors: Marian Knight; William M Callaghan; Cynthia Berg; Sophie Alexander; Marie-Helene Bouvier-Colle; Jane B Ford; K S Joseph; Gwyneth Lewis; Robert M Liston; Christine L Roberts; Jeremy Oats; James Walker Journal: BMC Pregnancy Childbirth Date: 2009-11-27 Impact factor: 3.007