A Sassan Sabouri1,2, Alireza Jafari3, Paul Creighton4, Adam Shepherd5, Timothy J Votta6, Hao Deng7, Christopher Heard4,6,8. 1. Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA - asabouri@mgh.harvard.edu. 2. Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran - asabouri@mgh.harvard.edu. 3. Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 4. Department of Pediatric and Community Dentistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA. 5. Pediatric Dentistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA. 6. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Women and Children's Hospital at Buffalo, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA. 7. Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. 8. Department of Anesthesia, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sedation regimes during oral procedures frequently associated with airway obstruction. The aim of this study was to define the association of Bispectral Index (BIS) to the depth of sedation and airway obstruction events. METHODS: Forty-seven patients between 14-21 years old, who were candidates for 3rd molar teeth extraction, were enrolled in this study. Patients received a total of 4 mg midazolam, 100 microgram fentanyl followed by titrated incremental propofol in 10 mg. The Richmond Agitation Sedation Score (RASS) was used to assess the depth of sedation. Each patient was attached to BIS monitor, while clinicians were not involved in the data collection process. Apnea, airway obstruction, O2 saturation, timing and interventions for controlling the situation were recorded. All data was synchronized with BIS data monitoring. RESULTS: The results show that 97.5% of cases were ASA 1 and 2, with average age of 17.3 years (±1.4) and a median BMI of 26.1. By using linear regression, for every unit decrease of median RASS (less than zero), there was 1.78 decrease in mean BIS Score (P=0.045, 95% CI: 0.08-3.47). The mean BIS Index (over 1 minute) with airway obstruction was 64 (±10.2), which was significantly lower than the BIS during non-airway obstruction (77±11.6), (P<0.001). By using logistic regression analysis, for every on unit increase in BIS Index, there is 24% decrease in odds in having airway obstruction (P=0.0009, 95% CI: 0.65-8.94). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the BIS could potentially be a valid continuous monitoring method to avoid airway obstruction during sedation for patients undergoing dental surgery.
BACKGROUND: Sedation regimes during oral procedures frequently associated with airway obstruction. The aim of this study was to define the association of Bispectral Index (BIS) to the depth of sedation and airway obstruction events. METHODS: Forty-seven patients between 14-21 years old, who were candidates for 3rd molar teeth extraction, were enrolled in this study. Patients received a total of 4 mg midazolam, 100 microgram fentanyl followed by titrated incremental propofol in 10 mg. The Richmond Agitation Sedation Score (RASS) was used to assess the depth of sedation. Each patient was attached to BIS monitor, while clinicians were not involved in the data collection process. Apnea, airway obstruction, O2 saturation, timing and interventions for controlling the situation were recorded. All data was synchronized with BIS data monitoring. RESULTS: The results show that 97.5% of cases were ASA 1 and 2, with average age of 17.3 years (±1.4) and a median BMI of 26.1. By using linear regression, for every unit decrease of median RASS (less than zero), there was 1.78 decrease in mean BIS Score (P=0.045, 95% CI: 0.08-3.47). The mean BIS Index (over 1 minute) with airway obstruction was 64 (±10.2), which was significantly lower than the BIS during non-airway obstruction (77±11.6), (P<0.001). By using logistic regression analysis, for every on unit increase in BIS Index, there is 24% decrease in odds in having airway obstruction (P=0.0009, 95% CI: 0.65-8.94). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the BIS could potentially be a valid continuous monitoring method to avoid airway obstruction during sedation for patients undergoing dental surgery.