Fakir Md Yunus1, Safayet Khan2, Dipak K Mitra3, Sabuj Kanti Mistry2, Kaosar Afsana4, Mahfuzar Rahman5. 1. BRAC Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC Centre, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, The University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon SK S7N 2Z4, Saskatchewan, Canada. 2. BRAC Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC Centre, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. 3. School of Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh, Plot 16 Block B, Aftabuddin Ahmed Road, Bashundhara /A, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 4. BRAC Health, Nutrition and Population Program, BRAC Centre, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, 68 ShahidTajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. 5. BRAC Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC Centre, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. Electronic address: mahfuzar.rahman@brac.net.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association of total sleep time and presence or absence of snoring with chronic disease among the Bangladeshi adult population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Urban and rural Bangladesh. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 12,338 men and women aged ≥35 years. MEASUREMENTS: Total sleep time was considered as the total hours of sleep in 24 hours. Furthermore, sleep time was categorized into <7, 7-9, and >9 hours according to National Sleep Foundation (2015) guidelines. Self-reported snoring history was captured and corroborated with their respective sleep partner/spouse in more than 80% cases. Registered physician-diagnosed current and/or previous cases of hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, cancer, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and any other chronic conditions were counted. RESULTS: Overall prevalence of at least 1 chronic disease in our study population was around 18%: men (15.4%) and women (20.0%). Hypertension has the highest prevalence (overall: 12.7%, men: 12.2%, women: 15%) followed by diabetes (4.9%), coronary heart diseases (3.2%), stroke (1.8%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (0.9%), and cancer (any type: 0.1%). Sleep pattern and snoring are significantly associated with all individual chronic disease except cancer. Sociodemographic, behavioral, and lifestyle variables were adjusted, and inadequate total sleep time (<7 hours) and snoring (yes/no) showed significant association with chronic disease status (risk ratio = 1.11, 95% confidence interval 1.00-1.22 and risk ratio = 1.20, 95% confidence interval 1.11-1.29, respectively). CONCLUSION: Inadequate sleep and snoring are independently associated with chronic disease in Bangladeshi adult population and perhaps elsewhere.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association of total sleep time and presence or absence of snoring with chronic disease among the Bangladeshi adult population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Urban and rural Bangladesh. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 12,338 men and women aged ≥35 years. MEASUREMENTS: Total sleep time was considered as the total hours of sleep in 24 hours. Furthermore, sleep time was categorized into <7, 7-9, and >9 hours according to National Sleep Foundation (2015) guidelines. Self-reported snoring history was captured and corroborated with their respective sleep partner/spouse in more than 80% cases. Registered physician-diagnosed current and/or previous cases of hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, cancer, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and any other chronic conditions were counted. RESULTS: Overall prevalence of at least 1 chronic disease in our study population was around 18%: men (15.4%) and women (20.0%). Hypertension has the highest prevalence (overall: 12.7%, men: 12.2%, women: 15%) followed by diabetes (4.9%), coronary heart diseases (3.2%), stroke (1.8%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (0.9%), and cancer (any type: 0.1%). Sleep pattern and snoring are significantly associated with all individual chronic disease except cancer. Sociodemographic, behavioral, and lifestyle variables were adjusted, and inadequate total sleep time (<7 hours) and snoring (yes/no) showed significant association with chronic disease status (risk ratio = 1.11, 95% confidence interval 1.00-1.22 and risk ratio = 1.20, 95% confidence interval 1.11-1.29, respectively). CONCLUSION: Inadequate sleep and snoring are independently associated with chronic disease in Bangladeshi adult population and perhaps elsewhere.