Eva Huysmans1, Kelly Ickmans2, Dries Van Dyck3, Jo Nijs2, Yori Gidron4, Nathalie Roussel5, Andrea Polli6, Maarten Moens7, Lisa Goudman8, Margot De Kooning2. 1. Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy (KIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Public Health (GEWE), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: Eva.huysmans@vub.be. 2. Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy (KIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. 3. Private Physiotherapy Practice, Tom Cools, Schelle, Belgium. 4. Center for Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine & Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. 5. Faculty of Medicine, Universiteit Antwerpen, Wilrijk, Belgium. 6. Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy (KIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. 7. Center for Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine & Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurosurgery, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.; Department of Manual Therapy (MANU), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. 8. Department of Neurosurgery, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.; Department of Manual Therapy (MANU), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the relationship between symptoms of central sensitization (CS) and important cognitive behavioral and psychosocial factors in a sample of patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain. METHODS: Participants with chronic nonspecific low back pain for at least 3 months were included in the study. They completed several questionnaires and a functional test. Pearson's correlation was used to analyze associations between symptoms of CS and pain behavior, functioning, pain, pain catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, and illness perceptions. Additionally, a between-group analysis was performed to compare patients with and without clinically relevant symptoms of CS. RESULTS: Data from 38 participants were analyzed. Significant associations were found between symptoms of CS and all other outcomes, especially current pain (r = 0.510, P = .001), mean pain during the past 7 days (r = 0.505, P = .001), and pain catastrophizing (r = 0.518, P = .001). Patients with clinically relevant symptoms of CS scored significantly worse on all outcomes compared with persons without relevant symptoms of CS, except on functioning (P = .128). CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms of CS were significantly associated with psychosocial and cognitive behavioral factors. Patients exhibiting a clinically relevant degree of symptoms of CS scored significantly worse on most outcomes, compared with the subgroup of the sample with fewer symptoms of CS.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the relationship between symptoms of central sensitization (CS) and important cognitive behavioral and psychosocial factors in a sample of patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain. METHODS:Participants with chronic nonspecific low back pain for at least 3 months were included in the study. They completed several questionnaires and a functional test. Pearson's correlation was used to analyze associations between symptoms of CS and pain behavior, functioning, pain, pain catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, and illness perceptions. Additionally, a between-group analysis was performed to compare patients with and without clinically relevant symptoms of CS. RESULTS: Data from 38 participants were analyzed. Significant associations were found between symptoms of CS and all other outcomes, especially current pain (r = 0.510, P = .001), mean pain during the past 7 days (r = 0.505, P = .001), and pain catastrophizing (r = 0.518, P = .001). Patients with clinically relevant symptoms of CS scored significantly worse on all outcomes compared with persons without relevant symptoms of CS, except on functioning (P = .128). CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms of CS were significantly associated with psychosocial and cognitive behavioral factors. Patients exhibiting a clinically relevant degree of symptoms of CS scored significantly worse on most outcomes, compared with the subgroup of the sample with fewer symptoms of CS.
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