Hannah Hewgley1, Stephen C Turner2, Joseph E Vandigo3, Jacob Marler1,2, Heather Snyder1,2, Jason J Chang4, G Morgan Jones5,6. 1. Department of Pharmacy, Methodist University Hospital, 1265 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38104, USA. 2. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38104, USA. 3. Pharmaceutical Health Services Research Department, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 620 W Lexington St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. 4. Department of Critical Care, MedStar Washington Hospital Medical Center, 110 Irving St, NW, Rm 4B42, Washington, DC, 20010, USA. 5. Department of Pharmacy, Methodist University Hospital, 1265 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38104, USA. Morgan.Jones@mlh.org. 6. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA. Morgan.Jones@mlh.org.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Current guidelines recommend that rapid systolic blood pressure (SBP) lowering to 140 mmHg may be considered in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients regardless of initial SBP. However, limited safety data exist in patients presenting with varying degrees of severe hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was an increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) based upon degree of presentation hypertension in ICH patients whose blood pressure was reduced intensively. METHODS: This retrospective, cohort study evaluated ICH patients treated with intensive blood pressure control (SBP ≤140 mmHg) who presented with three degrees of presentation hypertension: mild (SBP 141-179 mmHg), moderate (SBP 180-219 mmHg), and severe (SBP ≥ 220 mmHg). Univariate analysis of demographics variables, ICH severity, and factors known to impact AKI was conducted between the three groups. Post hoc testing was used to compare differences between specific groups, with a Bonferroni correction adjusting for multiple comparisons. Additionally, we conducted logistic regression analysis to determine whether baseline SBP group independently predicted AKI. RESULTS: We included 401 patients (177 with mild, 124 with moderate, and 100 with severe hypertension). There was a significant increase in the prevalence of AKI between groups, with the severe group experiencing the highest rate (p < 0.001). The presence of severe hypertension was also found to independently predict AKI development (odds ratio 2.6; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our study observed higher rates of AKI in patients presenting with severe hypertension. Further research is needed to determine the most appropriate strategies for managing blood pressure in ICH patients presenting with higher SBP.
BACKGROUND: Current guidelines recommend that rapid systolic blood pressure (SBP) lowering to 140 mmHg may be considered in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients regardless of initial SBP. However, limited safety data exist in patients presenting with varying degrees of severe hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was an increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) based upon degree of presentation hypertension in ICHpatients whose blood pressure was reduced intensively. METHODS: This retrospective, cohort study evaluated ICHpatients treated with intensive blood pressure control (SBP ≤140 mmHg) who presented with three degrees of presentation hypertension: mild (SBP 141-179 mmHg), moderate (SBP 180-219 mmHg), and severe (SBP ≥ 220 mmHg). Univariate analysis of demographics variables, ICH severity, and factors known to impact AKI was conducted between the three groups. Post hoc testing was used to compare differences between specific groups, with a Bonferroni correction adjusting for multiple comparisons. Additionally, we conducted logistic regression analysis to determine whether baseline SBP group independently predicted AKI. RESULTS: We included 401 patients (177 with mild, 124 with moderate, and 100 with severe hypertension). There was a significant increase in the prevalence of AKI between groups, with the severe group experiencing the highest rate (p < 0.001). The presence of severe hypertension was also found to independently predict AKI development (odds ratio 2.6; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our study observed higher rates of AKI in patients presenting with severe hypertension. Further research is needed to determine the most appropriate strategies for managing blood pressure in ICHpatients presenting with higher SBP.
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