Jung Woo Han1, Juhye Choi2, Young Shin Kim1, Jina Kim1, Ralf Brinkmann3, Jungmook Lyu4, Tae Kwann Park5,6,7. 1. Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon, South Korea. 2. Department of Medical Science, Konyang University, 158 Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon, 320-832, Republic of Korea. 3. Institute of Biomedical Optics, University of Lübeck and Medizinisches Laserzentrum Lübeck GmbH, Lübeck, Germany. 4. Department of Medical Science, Konyang University, 158 Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon, 320-832, Republic of Korea. lyujm5@gmail.com. 5. Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon, South Korea. tkpark@schmc.ac.kr. 6. Laboratory for Translational Research on Retinal Macular Degeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon, South Korea. tkpark@schmc.ac.kr. 7. Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, #170 Jomaruro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 420-767, South Korea. tkpark@schmc.ac.kr.
Abstract
PURPOSE: This study investigated microglia and inflammatory cell responses after selective retina therapy (SRT) with microsecond-pulsed laser in comparison to continuous-wave laser photocoagulation (cwPC). METHODS: Healthy C57BL/6 J mice were treated with either a train of short pulses (SRT; 527-nm, Q-switched, 1.7-μs pulse) or a conventional thermal continuous-wave (532-nm, 100-ms pulse duration) laser. The mice were sacrificed and their eyes were enucleated 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after both laser treatments. Pattern of cell death on retinal section was evaluated by TUNEL assay, and the distribution of activated inflammatory cells and glial cells were observed under immunohistochemistry. Consecutive changes for the expression of cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and TGF-β were also examined using immunohistochemistry, and compared among each period after quantification by Western blotting. RESULTS: The numbers of TUNEL-positive cells in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer did not differ in SRT and cwPC lesions, but TUNEL-positive cells in neural retinas were significantly less on SRT. Vague glial cell activation was observed in SRT-treated lesions. The population of inflammatory cells was also significantly decreased after SRT, and the cells were located in the RPE layer and subretinal space. Proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and TNF-α, showed significantly lower levels after SRT; conversely, the level of TGF-β was similar to the cwPC-treated lesion. CONCLUSIONS: SRT resulted in selective RPE damage without collateral thermal injury to the neural retina, and apparently produced negligible glial activation. In addition, SRT showed a markedly less inflammatory response than cwPC, which may have important therapeutic implications for several macular diseases.
PURPOSE: This study investigated microglia and inflammatory cell responses after selective retina therapy (SRT) with microsecond-pulsed laser in comparison to continuous-wave laser photocoagulation (cwPC). METHODS: Healthy C57BL/6 J mice were treated with either a train of short pulses (SRT; 527-nm, Q-switched, 1.7-μs pulse) or a conventional thermal continuous-wave (532-nm, 100-ms pulse duration) laser. The mice were sacrificed and their eyes were enucleated 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after both laser treatments. Pattern of cell death on retinal section was evaluated by TUNEL assay, and the distribution of activated inflammatory cells and glial cells were observed under immunohistochemistry. Consecutive changes for the expression of cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and TGF-β were also examined using immunohistochemistry, and compared among each period after quantification by Western blotting. RESULTS: The numbers of TUNEL-positive cells in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer did not differ in SRT and cwPC lesions, but TUNEL-positive cells in neural retinas were significantly less on SRT. Vague glial cell activation was observed in SRT-treated lesions. The population of inflammatory cells was also significantly decreased after SRT, and the cells were located in the RPE layer and subretinal space. Proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and TNF-α, showed significantly lower levels after SRT; conversely, the level of TGF-β was similar to the cwPC-treated lesion. CONCLUSIONS: SRT resulted in selective RPE damage without collateral thermal injury to the neural retina, and apparently produced negligible glial activation. In addition, SRT showed a markedly less inflammatory response than cwPC, which may have important therapeutic implications for several macular diseases.
Authors: A I Jobling; R H Guymer; K A Vessey; U Greferath; S A Mills; K H Brassington; C D Luu; K Z Aung; L Trogrlic; M Plunkett; E L Fletcher Journal: FASEB J Date: 2014-11-12 Impact factor: 5.191
Authors: C Klatt; M Saeger; T Oppermann; E Pörksen; F Treumer; J Hillenkamp; E Fritzer; R Brinkmann; R Birngruber; J Roider Journal: Br J Ophthalmol Date: 2010-06-15 Impact factor: 4.638
Authors: J Kyle Krady; Anirban Basu; Colleen M Allen; Yuping Xu; Kathryn F LaNoue; Thomas W Gardner; Steven W Levison Journal: Diabetes Date: 2005-05 Impact factor: 9.461
Authors: Rodrigo G Oliveira; Ana P Ferreira; Andréa J Côrtes; Beatriz J Vieira Aarestrup; Luis C Andrade; Fernando M Aarestrup Journal: Lasers Med Sci Date: 2013-01-22 Impact factor: 3.161
Authors: Craig M Nelson; Kristin M Ackerman; Patrick O'Hayer; Travis J Bailey; Ryne A Gorsuch; David R Hyde Journal: J Neurosci Date: 2013-04-10 Impact factor: 6.167
Authors: Mark A Tackenberg; Budd A Tucker; Jesse S Swift; Caihui Jiang; Stephen Redenti; Kenneth P Greenberg; John G Flannery; Andreas Reichenbach; Michael J Young Journal: Mol Vis Date: 2009-09-17 Impact factor: 2.367