Kevin F Boehnke1, Rebecca K Brewster1, Brisa N Sánchez2, Manuel Valdivieso3, Alejandro Bussalleu4, Magaly Guevara5, Claudia Gonzales Saenz5, Soledad Osorio Alva5, Elena Gil5, Chuanwu Xi1. 1. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. 2. Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. 3. Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. 4. Departamento Académico de Clínicas Médicas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú. 5. Dirección General de Salud Ambiental e Inocuidad Alimentaria - DIGESA: Ministerio de Salud del Perú, Lima, Peru.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori is a gut bacterium that is the primary cause of gastric cancer. H. pylori infection has been consistently associated with lack of access to sanitation and clean drinking water. In this study, we conducted time-series sampling of drinking water in Lima, Peru, to examine trends of H. pylori contamination and other water characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Drinking water samples were collected from a single faucet in Lima's Lince district 5 days per week from June 2015 to May 2016, and pH, temperature, free available chlorine, and conductivity were measured. Quantities of H. pylori in all water samples were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Relationships between the presence/absence and quantity of H. pylori and water characteristics in the 2015-2016 period were examined using regression methods accounting for the time-series design. RESULTS: Forty-nine of 241 (20.3%) of drinking water samples were contaminated with H. pylori. Statistical analyses identified no associations between sampling date and the likelihood of contamination with H. pylori. Statistically significant relationships were found between lower temperatures and a lower likelihood of the presence of H. pylori (P < .05), as well as between higher pH and higher quantities of H. pylori (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: This study has provided evidence of the presence of H. pylori DNA in the drinking water of a single drinking water faucet in the Lince district of Lima. However, no seasonal trends were observed. Further studies are needed to determine the presence of H. pylori in other drinking water sources in other districts in Lima, as well as to determine the viability of H. pylori in these water sources. Such studies would potentially allow for better understanding and estimates of the risk of infection due to exposure to H. pylori in drinking water.
BACKGROUND:Helicobacter pylori is a gut bacterium that is the primary cause of gastric cancer. H. pylori infection has been consistently associated with lack of access to sanitation and clean drinking water. In this study, we conducted time-series sampling of drinking water in Lima, Peru, to examine trends of H. pylori contamination and other water characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Drinking water samples were collected from a single faucet in Lima's Lince district 5 days per week from June 2015 to May 2016, and pH, temperature, free available chlorine, and conductivity were measured. Quantities of H. pylori in all water samples were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Relationships between the presence/absence and quantity of H. pylori and water characteristics in the 2015-2016 period were examined using regression methods accounting for the time-series design. RESULTS: Forty-nine of 241 (20.3%) of drinking water samples were contaminated with H. pylori. Statistical analyses identified no associations between sampling date and the likelihood of contamination with H. pylori. Statistically significant relationships were found between lower temperatures and a lower likelihood of the presence of H. pylori (P < .05), as well as between higher pH and higher quantities of H. pylori (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: This study has provided evidence of the presence of H. pylori DNA in the drinking water of a single drinking water faucet in the Lince district of Lima. However, no seasonal trends were observed. Further studies are needed to determine the presence of H. pylori in other drinking water sources in other districts in Lima, as well as to determine the viability of H. pylori in these water sources. Such studies would potentially allow for better understanding and estimates of the risk of infection due to exposure to H. pylori in drinking water.
Authors: Carlos A Castaneda; Miluska Castillo; Iván Chavez; Fernando Barreda; Nancy Suarez; Jais Nieves; Luis A Bernabe; Daniel Valdivia; Eloy Ruiz; Emmanuel Dias-Neto; Maria P Landa-Baella; Yaqueline Bazan; Carlos A Rengifo; Paola Montenegro Journal: J Glob Oncol Date: 2019-09
Authors: Miluska Castillo; Luis Bernabe; Carlos A Castaneda; Ivan Chavez; Eloy Ruiz; Fernando Barreda; Daniel Valdivia; Nancy Suarez; Jais Nieves; Emmanuel Dias-Neto; Kevin Boehnke; Maria P Landa-Baella; Paola Montenegro Journal: Asian Pac J Cancer Prev Date: 2019-11-01