T Virén1,2, J T Iivarinen1, J K Sarin1, I Harvima3, H N Mayrovitz4. 1. Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. 2. Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland. 3. Department of Dermatology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland. 4. Department of Physiology, College of Medical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, Fl, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a hand-held indentation device for fast and reliable determination of skin stiffness. METHODS: Device accuracy to indentation depths of 0.6 and 1.3 mm was first evaluated on plastic foam materials with mechanical properties verified by a laboratory material testing device. Subsequently, the device's sensitivity to detect age-related changes in skin stiffness was evaluated among 46 healthy women (18-79 years). Finally, the reproducibility of the method was tested with six healthy subjects. RESULTS: High correlation was detected between indentation stiffness of reference material and Young's modulus determined with mechanical testing device (0.6 mm indenter: r = 0.97, P = 0.05; 1.3 mm indenter: r = 0.98, P = 0.04). Age-related decrease of 38% in skin stiffness was observed in healthy volunteers (P < 0.05). The coefficient of variation for 0.6 and 1.3 mm indenters was 7.4% and 8.5%, respectively. No trend related to hysteresis effect was observed from repeated measurements. CONCLUSIONS: The presented indentation technique was accurate against the laboratory material testing device. Furthermore, skin changes related to ageing could be detected with the indentation technique. The new device was found to be feasible for monitoring skin stiffness in cosmetics and clinical conditions.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a hand-held indentation device for fast and reliable determination of skin stiffness. METHODS: Device accuracy to indentation depths of 0.6 and 1.3 mm was first evaluated on plastic foam materials with mechanical properties verified by a laboratory material testing device. Subsequently, the device's sensitivity to detect age-related changes in skin stiffness was evaluated among 46 healthy women (18-79 years). Finally, the reproducibility of the method was tested with six healthy subjects. RESULTS: High correlation was detected between indentation stiffness of reference material and Young's modulus determined with mechanical testing device (0.6 mm indenter: r = 0.97, P = 0.05; 1.3 mm indenter: r = 0.98, P = 0.04). Age-related decrease of 38% in skin stiffness was observed in healthy volunteers (P < 0.05). The coefficient of variation for 0.6 and 1.3 mm indenters was 7.4% and 8.5%, respectively. No trend related to hysteresis effect was observed from repeated measurements. CONCLUSIONS: The presented indentation technique was accurate against the laboratory material testing device. Furthermore, skin changes related to ageing could be detected with the indentation technique. The new device was found to be feasible for monitoring skin stiffness in cosmetics and clinical conditions.
Authors: Alana Kurtti; Julie K Nguyen; Jeremy Weedon; Andrew Mamalis; Yi Lai; Natasha Masub; Amaris Geisler; Daniel M Siegel; Jared R Jagdeo Journal: J Biophotonics Date: 2021-05-04 Impact factor: 3.207
Authors: Victoria Spartacus; Maedeh Shojaeizadeh; Vincent Raffault; James Shoults; Ken Van Wieren; Carolyn J Sparrey Journal: PLoS One Date: 2021-12-13 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Tobias Kisch; Felix H Stang; Peter Mailaender; Sophie Schleusser; Dominik Michel; Rainer Trieb; Sebastian Bannwarth; Simone Maly; Anika Dallmann; Sebastian Klasen; Christian Kaiser; Timo Schmeltzpfenning; Wolfgang Rempp; Martin Lades; Dominik Šurc; Boris Bauer; Alexander Artschwager; Reinhard Vonthein Journal: Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open Date: 2021-07-15