What to do when complications occur.

Adverse events and complications, even if minor, can result in considerable negative effects on patients, including loss of life. They can also have an impact on the healthcare workers involved. Offering an apology to a patient who has suffered a complication is necessary, and is not an admission of fault. In England and Wales, there are also statutory obligations of candour in cases of more severe notifiable events. Local and national systems exist for incident reporting, with a strong emphasis on learning from events and sharing of best practice. Complaints may arise from poor management of a patient's complications, and in situations where there is a clear breach of a professional duty that has resulted in patient harm, negligence may be deemed to have occurred. National Health Service Resolution focuses on learning from events to help reduce the growth in litigation and emphasises that discussions should be timely, include appropriate explanation and information, and provide ongoing support and, if necessary, continuity of care.