Cole Korponay1,2, David S Kosson3, Jean Decety4, Kent A Kiehl5,6, Michael Koenigs1. 1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park, Boulevard, Madison, Wisconsin, 53719, USA. 2. Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA. 3. Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA. 4. Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, 5848 South University Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA. 5. The non-profit MIND Research Network, an affiliate of Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, 1101 Yale C NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA. 6. Departments of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Law, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico MSC03 2220, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA.
Abstract
Background: Human neuroimaging studies indicate that the loss of brain volume associated with substance abuse may be recovered during abstinence. Subcortical and prefrontal cortical regions involved in reward and decision-making are among the regions most consistently implicated in damage and recovery from substance abuse, but the relative capacities of these different brain regions to recover volume during abstinence remains unclear, and it is unknown whether recovery capacities depend on the substance that was abused. Methods: Voxel-based morphometry in a prison inmate sample (n=107) of long-term abstinent former regular users (FRUs) and former light users (FLUs) of alcohol, cocaine, and/or cannabis. Cross-sectional indicators of volume recovery were operationalized as 1) positive correlation between abstinence duration and volume in FRUs and 2) absence of lower volume in FRUs compared to FLUs. Results: In FRUs of alcohol, abstinence duration positively correlated with volume in subcortical regions (particularly the putamen and amygdala) but not prefrontal regions; lower prefrontal but not subcortical volume was observed in FRUs compared to FLUs. In FRUs of cocaine, abstinence duration positively correlated with volume in both subcortical regions (particularly the nucleus accumbens) and prefrontal regions; lower volume was not observed in either subcortical or prefrontal regions in FRUs. In FRUs of cannabis, abstinence duration positively correlated with subcortical but not prefrontal volume; lower prefrontal but not subcortical volume was observed in FRUs. Conclusions: Subcortical structures displayed indicators of volume recovery across FRUs of all three substances, whereas prefrontal regions displayed indicators of volume recovery only in FRUs of cocaine.
Background: Human neuroimaging studies indicate that the loss of brain volume associated with substance abuse may be recovered during abstinence. Subcortical and prefrontal cortical regions involved in reward and decision-making are among the regions most consistently implicated in damage and recovery from substance abuse, but the relative capacities of these different brain regions to recover volume during abstinence remains unclear, and it is unknown whether recovery capacities depend on the substance that was abused. Methods: Voxel-based morphometry in a prison inmate sample (n=107) of long-term abstinent former regular users (FRUs) and former light users (FLUs) of alcohol, cocaine, and/or cannabis. Cross-sectional indicators of volume recovery were operationalized as 1) positive correlation between abstinence duration and volume in FRUs and 2) absence of lower volume in FRUs compared to FLUs. Results: In FRUs of alcohol, abstinence duration positively correlated with volume in subcortical regions (particularly the putamen and amygdala) but not prefrontal regions; lower prefrontal but not subcortical volume was observed in FRUs compared to FLUs. In FRUs of cocaine, abstinence duration positively correlated with volume in both subcortical regions (particularly the nucleus accumbens) and prefrontal regions; lower volume was not observed in either subcortical or prefrontal regions in FRUs. In FRUs of cannabis, abstinence duration positively correlated with subcortical but not prefrontal volume; lower prefrontal but not subcortical volume was observed in FRUs. Conclusions: Subcortical structures displayed indicators of volume recovery across FRUs of all three substances, whereas prefrontal regions displayed indicators of volume recovery only in FRUs of cocaine.
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