Laëtitia Atlani Duault1, Lawrence Brown2, Linda Fried2. 1. Centre Population et Développement, IRD, Sagesud, Sorbonne Paris Cité University (Paris V René Descartes, IRD, INSERM), Paris, France. Electronic address: laetitia.atlani-duault@ird.fr. 2. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.