YAP Promotes Migration and Invasion of Human Glioma Cells.

Previously, we have reported that Yes-associated protein (YAP) is upregulated in human glioma tissues and its level is positively correlated with patient prognosis. However, the role and mechanism of YAP in the highly invasive nature of human gliomas were largely unknown. In this study, examined by wound healing assay, transwell assay, or live-imaging, we found that YAP downregulation inhibited glioma cell migration and invasion, while YAP over-expression promoted them. Interestingly, the above effect of YAP on immortalized glioma cells was recapitulated in cultured primary glioma cells. In addition, the protein level of N-cadherin and Twist, two important proteins involved in tumor invasion, increased after YAP over-expression. Meanwhile, YAP over-expression significantly increased the F-actin level and changed the distribution of F-actin, leading to cytoskeletal reorganization, which plays an important role in cell motility. Furthermore, the promotion effect of YAP over-expression on glioma cell migration and invasion was partially abolished by Twist downregulation. Taken together, our findings show that YAP contributes to glioma cell migration and invasion by regulating N-cadherin and Twist, as well as cytoskeletal reorganization.