Santiago Montero1, Nadia Aissaoui2, Jean-Marc Tadié3, Philippe Bizouarn4, Vincent Scherrer5, Romain Persichini6, Clément Delmas7, Florence Rolle8, Emmanuel Besnier5, Alexandre Le Guyader8, Alain Combes9, Matthieu Schmidt10. 1. Medical Intensive Care Unit, iCAN, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Acute and Intensive Cardiovascular Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain. 2. Intensive Care Unit, U970, European Georges-Pompidou Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France. 3. Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care Unit, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France. 4. Cardiac Intensive Care Department, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France. 5. Rouen University Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Rouen, France. 6. Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, CHU de La Réunion, Felix-Guyon Hospital, Saint Denis, La Réunion, France. 7. Medical Intensive Care Unit, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France. 8. Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery Department, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France. 9. Medical Intensive Care Unit, iCAN, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France. 10. Medical Intensive Care Unit, iCAN, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France. Electronic address: matthieu.schmidt@aphp.fr.
Abstract
AIMS: Giant-cell myocarditis (GCM) is a rare and often fatal form of myocarditis. Only a few reports have focused on fulminant forms. We describe the clinical characteristics, management and outcomes of GCM patients rescued by mechanical circulatory support (MCS). METHODS AND RESULTS: The clinical features, diagnoses, treatments and outcomes of MCS-treated patients in refractory cardiogenic shock secondary to fulminant GCM admitted to eight French intensive care units (2002-2016) were analysed. We also conducted a systematic review of this topic. Thirteen patients (median age 44 [range 21-76]years, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II 55 [40-79]) in severe cardiogenic shock (median [range] left ventricular ejection fraction 15% [15-35%] and blood lactate 4 mmol/L) were placed on MCS 4 [0-28]days after hospital admission. Severe arrhythmic disturbances were frequent (77%), with six (46%) patients experiencing an electrical storm prior to MCS. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was the first MCS option for 11 (85%) patients. GCM was diagnosed in five (38%) patients before transplant or death and treated with immunosuppressants; infections were the main complication (80%). Four patients died on MCS and no patient presented long-term survival free from heart transplant (nine patients, 69%). All transplanted patients were alive 1year later and no GCM recurrence was reported after median follow-up of 42 [12-145]months. CONCLUSION: Outcomes of fulminant GCMs may differ from those of milder forms. In this context, heart transplant might likely be the only long-term survival option.
AIMS: Giant-cell myocarditis (GCM) is a rare and often fatal form of myocarditis. Only a few reports have focused on fulminant forms. We describe the clinical characteristics, management and outcomes of GCM patients rescued by mechanical circulatory support (MCS). METHODS AND RESULTS: The clinical features, diagnoses, treatments and outcomes of MCS-treated patients in refractory cardiogenic shock secondary to fulminant GCM admitted to eight French intensive care units (2002-2016) were analysed. We also conducted a systematic review of this topic. Thirteen patients (median age 44 [range 21-76]years, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II 55 [40-79]) in severe cardiogenic shock (median [range] left ventricular ejection fraction 15% [15-35%] and blood lactate 4 mmol/L) were placed on MCS 4 [0-28]days after hospital admission. Severe arrhythmic disturbances were frequent (77%), with six (46%) patients experiencing an electrical storm prior to MCS. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was the first MCS option for 11 (85%) patients. GCM was diagnosed in five (38%) patients before transplant or death and treated with immunosuppressants; infections were the main complication (80%). Four patients died on MCS and no patient presented long-term survival free from heart transplant (nine patients, 69%). All transplanted patients were alive 1year later and no GCM recurrence was reported after median follow-up of 42 [12-145]months. CONCLUSION: Outcomes of fulminant GCMs may differ from those of milder forms. In this context, heart transplant might likely be the only long-term survival option.
Authors: Jan Berg; Marina Lovrinovic; Nora Baltensperger; Christine K Kissel; Jan Kottwitz; Robert Manka; Dimitri Patriki; Frank Scherff; Christian Schmied; Ulf Landmesser; Thomas F Lüscher; Bettina Heidecker Journal: Open Heart Date: 2019-04-23
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