Daiki Imai1,2, Ryosuke Takeda1, Akina Suzuki1, Nooshin Naghavi1, Yoshihiro Yamashina1, Akemi Ota1, Shinya Matsumura3, Hisayo Yokoyama1,2, Toshiaki Miyagawa1,2, Kazunobu Okazaki4,5. 1. Research Center for Urban Health and Sports, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan. 2. Department of Environmental Physiology for Exercise, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan. 3. Research Area of Sports Physiology, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka, Japan. 4. Research Center for Urban Health and Sports, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan. okazaki@sports.osaka-cu.ac.jp. 5. Department of Environmental Physiology for Exercise, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan. okazaki@sports.osaka-cu.ac.jp.
Abstract
PURPOSE: We assessed whether plasma lactate accumulation increased and the lactate threshold (LT) declined when the skin temperature was lowered by whole body skin surface cooling before exercise in cool, but not temperate, conditions, and whether the lowered LT was associated with sympathetic activation or lowered plasma volume (PV) by cold-induced diuresis. METHODS: Ten healthy subjects performed a graded maximal cycling exercise after pre-conditioning under three different conditions for 60 min. Ambient temperature (using an artificial climatic chamber) and water temperature in a water-perfusion suit controlled at 25 and 34 °C in temperate-neutral (Temp-Neut); 25 and 10 °C in temperate-cool (Temp-Cool); and at 10 and 10 °C in cool-cool (Cool-Cool) conditions, respectively. Esophageal (Tes) and skin temperatures were measured; plasma lactate ([Lac]p) and noradrenaline concentrations ([Norad]p), and relative change in PV (%ΔPV) were determined before and after pre-conditioning and during exercise, and LT was determined. RESULTS: After pre-conditioning, Tes was not different among trials, whereas the mean skin temperature was lower in Cool-Cool and Temp-Cool than in Temp-Neut (P < 0.001). During exercise, [Lac]p and [Norad]p were higher (P = 0.009 and P < 0.001, respectively) and LT was lower (P = 0.013) in Cool-Cool than in the other trials. The %ΔPV was not different among trials. LT was correlated with [Norad]p during exercise (R = 0.50, P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Whole body skin surface cooling before exercise increases lactate accumulation and decreases LT with sympathetic activation when exercise is performed in a cool, but not in a temperate, environment.
PURPOSE: We assessed whether plasma lactate accumulation increased and the lactate threshold (LT) declined when the skin temperature was lowered by whole body skin surface cooling before exercise in cool, but not temperate, conditions, and whether the lowered LT was associated with sympathetic activation or lowered plasma volume (PV) by cold-induced diuresis. METHODS: Ten healthy subjects performed a graded maximal cycling exercise after pre-conditioning under three different conditions for 60 min. Ambient temperature (using an artificial climatic chamber) and water temperature in a water-perfusion suit controlled at 25 and 34 °C in temperate-neutral (Temp-Neut); 25 and 10 °C in temperate-cool (Temp-Cool); and at 10 and 10 °C in cool-cool (Cool-Cool) conditions, respectively. Esophageal (Tes) and skin temperatures were measured; plasma lactate ([Lac]p) and noradrenaline concentrations ([Norad]p), and relative change in PV (%ΔPV) were determined before and after pre-conditioning and during exercise, and LT was determined. RESULTS: After pre-conditioning, Tes was not different among trials, whereas the mean skin temperature was lower in Cool-Cool and Temp-Cool than in Temp-Neut (P < 0.001). During exercise, [Lac]p and [Norad]p were higher (P = 0.009 and P < 0.001, respectively) and LT was lower (P = 0.013) in Cool-Cool than in the other trials. The %ΔPV was not different among trials. LT was correlated with [Norad]p during exercise (R = 0.50, P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Whole body skin surface cooling before exercise increases lactate accumulation and decreases LT with sympathetic activation when exercise is performed in a cool, but not in a temperate, environment.
Authors: Wouter D van Marken Lichtenbelt; Joost W Vanhommerig; Nanda M Smulders; Jamie M A F L Drossaerts; Gerrit J Kemerink; Nicole D Bouvy; Patrick Schrauwen; G J Jaap Teule Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2009-04-09 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Itaru Chiba; Mina Samukawa; Kazuki Takizawa; Yuriko Nishikawa; Tomoya Ishida; Satoshi Kasahara; Masanori Yamanaka; Harukazu Tohyama Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-05-09 Impact factor: 4.614