Motivational interviewing or counseling, medical therapies or no intervention to improve tobacco cessation in adults and adolescents.

CLINICAL QUESTION: In adults and adolescents using cigarettes and/or smokeless tobacco, is motivational interviewing (MI) more effective compared to counseling, medical therapies or no intervention for improving tobacco cessation? ANSWER: yes. Evidence is modest but conclusive that using MI alone or in conjunction with other therapies results in greater rates of tobacco cessation compared to interventions that did not include MI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE OF THE ANSWER: A. DATE SEARCH WAS CONDUCTED: September 2015. LIMITS: Human, English, publication dates 2008 to present, meta-analyses, randomized-control trials, systematic reviews. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Meta-analyses, randomized-control trials, or systematic reviews published during or after 2008 comparing the use of MI to other therapies for tobacco cessation in humans. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Studies published before 2008, MI used in other substance use disorders besides tobacco.