A Contemporary Paradigm: Integrating Spirituality in Advance Care Planning.

In the 25 years since advance care planning first drew the attention of the national healthcare and legal systems, gains in the rate of advance care directive completion have been negligible despite the effort of researchers, ethicists, and lawmakers. With the benefit of sophisticated healthcare technology, patients are living longer. Despite the benefits of increased longevity, it is widely acknowledged that enough has not been done to adequately address end-of-life care decisions at the crossroads between medical futility and quality of life. To arrive at a solution, researchers have focused on patient self-reflection, provider attitudes, health literacy, communication and the logistics of surrogacy, setting, payment, and documentation. However, a survey of the literature reveals one conspicuously absent theme. It is a phenomenon one would expect in the context of end-of-life discussion and decision making, that of spiritual inquiry. This article explores the history leading up and past approaches to advance care planning and then suggests the use of a theoretical model and a body of work concerning spiritual care as a new tack in the ongoing development of advance care planning.