Clinical significance of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance after treatment for cervical intraepithelial grade 3 neoplasia: A retrospective single-center cohort study.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical significance of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) following cervical conization for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 3. This study was a retrospective cohort analysis. The medical records of women treated with conization for CIN 2-3 were reviewed and 142 patients with CIN 3 who had been diagnosed using the conization specimens were selected. The mean follow-up period after conization was 41.8 months. Cytological abnormalities after conization were observed in 19.0% of the patients and consisted of ASC-US (13.4%) and worse than low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL; 5.6%). Recurrence was defined as a diagnosis worse than CIN 2, and the recurrence rate was 29.6% among patients with abnormal cytology. The recurrence rate was 15.7% in the ASC-US group and 71.4% in the worse than LSIL group. There was no significant difference in the time of initial identification of abnormal cytology after treatment between the worse than LSIL and the ASC-US groups (P=0.054). However, the ASC-US group had a significantly better cumulative recurrence-free rate compared with the worse than LSIL group (P<0.05). Women with ASC-US following treatment for CIN appear to be at a relatively high risk. Regarding the risk stratification of women following treatment for CIN, if surveillance cytology shows ASC-US, immediate colposcopy is recommended, along with long-term follow-up.