Agostino Di Ciaula1, David Q-H Wang2, Piero Portincasa3. 1. Division of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Bisceglie, Bisceglie, Italy. 2. Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. 3. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica "A. Murri", University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Gallstone disease is a major epidemiologic and economic burden worldwide, and the most frequent form is cholesterol gallstone disease. RECENT FINDINGS: Major pathogenetic factors for cholesterol gallstones include a genetic background, hepatic hypersecretion of cholesterol, and supersaturated bile which give life to precipitating cholesterol crystals that accumulate and grow in a sluggish gallbladder. Additional factors include mucin and inflammatory changes in the gallbladder, slow intestinal motility, increased intestinal absorption of cholesterol, and altered gut microbiota. Mechanisms of disease are linked with insulin resistance, obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. The role of nuclear receptors, signaling pathways, gut microbiota, and epigenome are being actively investigated. SUMMARY: Ongoing research on cholesterol gallstone disease is intensively investigating several pathogenic mechanisms, associated metabolic disorders, new therapeutic approaches, and novel strategies for primary prevention, including lifestyles.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Gallstone disease is a major epidemiologic and economic burden worldwide, and the most frequent form is cholesterol gallstone disease. RECENT FINDINGS: Major pathogenetic factors for cholesterol gallstones include a genetic background, hepatic hypersecretion of cholesterol, and supersaturated bile which give life to precipitating cholesterol crystals that accumulate and grow in a sluggish gallbladder. Additional factors include mucin and inflammatory changes in the gallbladder, slow intestinal motility, increased intestinal absorption of cholesterol, and altered gut microbiota. Mechanisms of disease are linked with insulin resistance, obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. The role of nuclear receptors, signaling pathways, gut microbiota, and epigenome are being actively investigated. SUMMARY: Ongoing research on cholesterol gallstone disease is intensively investigating several pathogenic mechanisms, associated metabolic disorders, new therapeutic approaches, and novel strategies for primary prevention, including lifestyles.
Authors: Karel J van Erpecum; David Q-H Wang; Antonio Moschetta; Domenico Ferri; Maria Svelto; Piero Portincasa; Jan-Jaap Hendrickx; Marguérite Schipper; Giuseppe Calamita Journal: J Lipid Res Date: 2005-10-13 Impact factor: 5.922
Authors: Y C Luiking; T L Peeters; M F Stolk; V B Nieuwenhuijs; P Portincasa; I Depoortere; G P van Berge Henegouwen; L M Akkermans Journal: Gut Date: 1998-06 Impact factor: 23.059
Authors: Michael A Nauck; Marie Louise Muus Ghorbani; Eskil Kreiner; Hans A Saevereid; John B Buse Journal: Diabetes Care Date: 2019-08-09 Impact factor: 19.112