Virtual and real septal myectomy using 3-dimensional printed models.

We present 2 cases of extended septal myectomy using low-cost 3-dimensional (3D) printed models of the interventricular septum with its fragment cut out mechanically or by initial 'virtual' myectomy. 3D prints exhibited excellent cardiac imaging and planning of the 'optimal' volume and shape of the resection, as well as intraoperative quality control of septal myectomy by filling a trough in the 3D-printed interventricular septum with excised myocardium.