Alexander E Perl1. 1. Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology and the Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Precious few drugs were successfully developed for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) over the past decades, despite a dramatic expansion of our understanding of its molecular underpinnings during this time. Then in 2017, a wave of new drugs suddenly became approved. This review serves to introduce the newly available drugs, discuss their impact upon therapy, and highlight additional novel agents that are waiting in the wings. RECENT FINDINGS: Newly approved agents in AML include a tyrosine kinase inhibitor for patients with FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations, an inhibitor of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH2), and two novel agents using antibody-delivered or liposome-delivered cytotoxics. All of these new agents have demonstrable activity in AML and several have improved survival in randomized studies. In addition to these agents, promising data from other inhibitors of FLT3, IDH1, and B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) will be discussed. SUMMARY: Response, survival, and symptom burden of AML therapy are all improving through novel agents. As many of the newly approved drugs benefit-specific genetic subsets, a new priority has emerged to increase the speed of diagnostic genomic studies as a means to guide frontline therapy. This will ensure patients are optimally categorized and treated with to the most rational agents.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Precious few drugs were successfully developed for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) over the past decades, despite a dramatic expansion of our understanding of its molecular underpinnings during this time. Then in 2017, a wave of new drugs suddenly became approved. This review serves to introduce the newly available drugs, discuss their impact upon therapy, and highlight additional novel agents that are waiting in the wings. RECENT FINDINGS: Newly approved agents in AML include a tyrosine kinase inhibitor for patients with FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations, an inhibitor of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH2), and two novel agents using antibody-delivered or liposome-delivered cytotoxics. All of these new agents have demonstrable activity in AML and several have improved survival in randomized studies. In addition to these agents, promising data from other inhibitors of FLT3, IDH1, and B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) will be discussed. SUMMARY: Response, survival, and symptom burden of AML therapy are all improving through novel agents. As many of the newly approved drugs benefit-specific genetic subsets, a new priority has emerged to increase the speed of diagnostic genomic studies as a means to guide frontline therapy. This will ensure patients are optimally categorized and treated with to the most rational agents.
Authors: Chi Huu Nguyen; Tobias Glüxam; Angela Schlerka; Katharina Bauer; Alexander M Grandits; Hubert Hackl; Oliver Dovey; Sabine Zöchbauer-Müller; Jonathan L Cooper; George S Vassiliou; Dagmar Stoiber; Rotraud Wieser; Gerwin Heller Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2019-06-24 Impact factor: 4.379
Authors: Kathrin Renner; Anton Seilbeck; Nathalie Kauer; Ines Ugele; Peter J Siska; Christina Brummer; Christina Bruss; Sonja-Maria Decking; Matthias Fante; Astrid Schmidt; Kathrin Hammon; Katrin Singer; Sebastian Klobuch; Simone Thomas; Eva Gottfried; Katrin Peter; Marina Kreutz Journal: Front Pharmacol Date: 2018-11-02 Impact factor: 5.810
Authors: Tobias Gluexam; Alexander M Grandits; Angela Schlerka; Chi Huu Nguyen; Julia Etzler; Thomas Finkes; Michael Fuchs; Christoph Scheid; Gerwin Heller; Hubert Hackl; Nathalie Harrer; Heinz Sill; Elisabeth Koller; Dagmar Stoiber; Wolfgang Sommergruber; Rotraud Wieser Journal: Int J Mol Sci Date: 2019-11-20 Impact factor: 5.923