Jason P Burnham1, Marin H Kollef2. 1. Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases. 2. Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the salient features of the management of severe skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), including toxic shock syndrome, myonecrosis/gas gangrene, and necrotizing fasciitis. RECENT FINDINGS: For severe SSTIs, intensive care, source control, and broad-spectrum antimicrobials are required for the initial phase of illness. There is an increasing focus on the utility of rapid diagnostic tests to help in selection and de-escalation of antimicrobials for SSTIs. In addition, clinical prediction scores have shown promise in helping predict patients who do not require antimicrobials directed against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Immune status has been shown to be important in clinical outcomes of some, but not all types of SSTIs. The debate for benefits of intravenous immunoglobulin continues to be waged in the recent literature. SUMMARY: Severe SSTIs are common and their management complex due to regional variation in predominant pathogens and antimicrobial resistance patterns, as well variations in host immune responses. Unique aspects of care for severe SSTIs are discussed including the role of surgical consultation and source control. The unique features of SSTIs in immunocompromised hosts are also described.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the salient features of the management of severe skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), including toxic shock syndrome, myonecrosis/gas gangrene, and necrotizing fasciitis. RECENT FINDINGS: For severe SSTIs, intensive care, source control, and broad-spectrum antimicrobials are required for the initial phase of illness. There is an increasing focus on the utility of rapid diagnostic tests to help in selection and de-escalation of antimicrobials for SSTIs. In addition, clinical prediction scores have shown promise in helping predict patients who do not require antimicrobials directed against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Immune status has been shown to be important in clinical outcomes of some, but not all types of SSTIs. The debate for benefits of intravenous immunoglobulin continues to be waged in the recent literature. SUMMARY: Severe SSTIs are common and their management complex due to regional variation in predominant pathogens and antimicrobial resistance patterns, as well variations in host immune responses. Unique aspects of care for severe SSTIs are discussed including the role of surgical consultation and source control. The unique features of SSTIs in immunocompromised hosts are also described.
Authors: G Sasson; A D Bai; A Showler; L Burry; M Steinberg; D R Ricciuto; T Fernandes; A Chiu; S Raybardhan; M Science; E Fernando; A M Morris; C M Bell Journal: Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis Date: 2017-03-01 Impact factor: 3.267
Authors: Adam L Cohen; Julu Bhatnagar; Sarah Reagan; Suzanne B Zane; Marisa A D'Angeli; Marc Fischer; George Killgore; Tao Sheng Kwan-Gett; David B Blossom; Wun-Ju Shieh; Jeannette Guarner; John Jernigan; Jeffrey S Duchin; Sherif R Zaki; L Clifford McDonald Journal: Obstet Gynecol Date: 2007-11 Impact factor: 7.661
Authors: Alison L Blackman; Praneeth Jarugula; David P Nicolau; Sai Ho Chui; Manjari Joshi; Emily L Heil; Mathangi Gopalakrishnan Journal: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Date: 2021-01-20 Impact factor: 5.191
Authors: Yidan Xia; Dongxu Wang; Da Liu; Jiayang Su; Ye Jin; Duo Wang; Beibei Han; Ziping Jiang; Bin Liu Journal: Front Bioeng Biotechnol Date: 2022-05-02