Electron microscopic localization of cholinergic terminals in the rat substantia nigra: an immunocytochemical study.

The presence of cholinergic terminals in the substantia nigra (SN) of the rat was investigated under the electron microscope using a monoclonal antibody against choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the acetylcholine (ACh)-synthesizing enzyme, following the unlabelled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) procedure. ChAT-immunoreactive terminals were found making synaptic contacts with unlabelled dendrites in the SN pars compacta (SNC). Synaptic contacts established between cholinergic boutons and immunonegative dendrites were observed in serial sections to be of asymmetric type. The unlabelled postsynaptic dendrites to immunoreactive terminals displayed similar morphological aspects to typical dopamine-containing dendrites of the SN. Results of this study provide fine ultrastructural neurochemical support for the existence of a cholinergic innervation of the rat SNC and are consistent with the reported excitatory action of ACh on SNC dopaminergic neurons.