High resolution metabolomics to determines the risk associated with bisphenol A exposure in humans.

Although high BPA exposure has been correlated with several metabolic diseases, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In the present study, a metabolomics approach was used to explore the metabolic variations caused by low or high BPA exposure in female (n = 96) and male (n = 98) urine. Fatty acid elongation and sphingolipid metabolism were affected by high BPA exposure in males and females. Fatty acid elongation and sphingolipid metabolism were further investigated among age groups consisted of 30-39 yrs old, 40-49 yrs old, and 50-59 yrs old males and females with high or low urinary BPA. High BPA-exposed males in 30 s and females in 40 s were found with significant disturbance in fatty acid elongation and sphingolipid metabolism, respectively. Additionally, females in 40 s showed elevated inflammatory metabolites: 6-ketoprostaglandin E1 and thromboxane. In the present study, we have demonstrated that environmental metabolomics is useful to elucidate the health effects of BPA exposure.