Effects of high temperature on biochemical parameters, oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis of pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus).

Water temperature is an important environmental factor that affects physiology and biochemical activities of fish. In this study, we investigated of high temperature on biochemical parameters, oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis of pufferfish. Thermal stress could significantly increase the levels of AST, ALT, LDH, GLU and TG, whereas the levels of ALP and TP decrease significantly. In addition, thermal stress also decreased total blood cell count, inhibited cell viability, and subsequently lead to DNA damage and apoptosis. The mRNA levels of p53, caspase-9 and caspase-3 were up-regulated under thermal stress. These results suggested that caspase-dependent and p53 signaling pathways could play important roles in thermal stress-induced apoptosis in fish. Furthermore, the gene expression of SOD, CAT, HSP90 and C3 were induced by thermal stress. This study provides new insights into the mechanism whereby thermal stress affects physiological responses and apoptosis in pufferfish.