[Genetic factors in alcohol dependence].

Genetic factors are involved in the predisposition to alcohol dependence with an heritability of about 0.5. Sequencing or analysis of the polymorphisms of genes or the whole human genome allow to identify genetic markers of alcohol dependence. Genes of the brain pathway of motivation and reward, including DRD2 and ANKK1, are associated with alcohol dependence. Genes encoding the gabaergic receptors show variants link to alcohol dependence. Polymorphisms in the genes encoding the enzymes alcohol desydrogenases (ADH) and aldehyde-dehydrogenases (ALDH) are associated to the susceptibility or the protection of alcohol dependence. Interaction between genes and environment, via the epigenetics, influence the predisposition to alcohol dependence.