Elliot B Tapper1, Fasiha Kanwal2,3,4, Sumeet K Asrani5, Chanda Ho6, Nadia Ovchinsky7, John Poterucha8, Avegail Flores9, Judith E Smith10, Victor Ankoma-Sey11, Bruce Luxon12, Michael L Volk13. 1. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. 2. Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. 3. Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX. 4. Section of Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. 5. Division of Hepatology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX. 6. Division of Gastroenterology, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA. 7. Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY. 8. Division of Gastroenterology, Mayo School of Medicine, Rochester, MN. 9. Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. 10. Taubman Health Sciences Library, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. 11. Division of Gastroenterology, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX. 12. Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. 13. Division of Gastroenterology and Transplantation Institute, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA.
Abstract
Patients with cirrhosis seek improvement in their symptoms, functioning, quality of life, and satisfaction with the care they receive. However, these patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are not routinely measured for clinical care, research, or quality improvement. The members of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Practice Metrics Committee, charged with developing quality indicators for clinical practice, performed a scoping review of PROs in cirrhosis. The aim is to synthesize a comprehensive set of PROs for inclusion into a standard patient-centered outcome set. We searched Medline, Embase, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Trial Library since inception, with final searches run between April 20 and June 1, 2017. Studies were included if they reported the construction and/or validation of a PRO instrument for patients with cirrhosis or if they assessed the clinical (case-mix) variables determining responses to established PRO scales. Eleven studies were selected that yielded 259 items specific to patients with cirrhosis. After removing duplicates, 152 unique items were isolated. These items were consolidated into seven domains: physical symptoms, physical function, mental health, general function, cognition, social life, and satisfaction with care. The seven domains included 52 subdomains (e.g., physical domain, abdominal pain subdomain). Twelve variables were identified that independently modified established PRO scales. These included clinical factors (severity of liver disease and its complications, medication burden, and comorbidities), specific PROs (cramps, pruritis), and surrogate outcome measures (falls, hospitalization). CONCLUSION: This scoping review identified and categorized a large existing set of PRO concepts that matter to patients with cirrhosis; these outcomes may now be translated into usable measures both for the assessment of the quality of cirrhosis care in clinical practice and to perform research from the patient's perspective. (Hepatology 2018;67:2375-2383).
Patients with cirrhosis seek improvement in their symptoms, functioning, quality of life, and satisfaction with the care they receive. However, these patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are not routinely measured for clinical care, research, or quality improvement. The members of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Practice Metrics Committee, charged with developing quality indicators for clinical practice, performed a scoping review of PROs in cirrhosis. The aim is to synthesize a comprehensive set of PROs for inclusion into a standard patient-centered outcome set. We searched Medline, Embase, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Trial Library since inception, with final searches run between April 20 and June 1, 2017. Studies were included if they reported the construction and/or validation of a PRO instrument for patients with cirrhosis or if they assessed the clinical (case-mix) variables determining responses to established PRO scales. Eleven studies were selected that yielded 259 items specific to patients with cirrhosis. After removing duplicates, 152 unique items were isolated. These items were consolidated into seven domains: physical symptoms, physical function, mental health, general function, cognition, social life, and satisfaction with care. The seven domains included 52 subdomains (e.g., physical domain, abdominal pain subdomain). Twelve variables were identified that independently modified established PRO scales. These included clinical factors (severity of liver disease and its complications, medication burden, and comorbidities), specific PROs (cramps, pruritis), and surrogate outcome measures (falls, hospitalization). CONCLUSION: This scoping review identified and categorized a large existing set of PRO concepts that matter to patients with cirrhosis; these outcomes may now be translated into usable measures both for the assessment of the quality of cirrhosis care in clinical practice and to perform research from the patient's perspective. (Hepatology 2018;67:2375-2383).
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