Shuhong Hu1, Yifei Liu1, Tao You1, Jack Heath1, Linru Xu1, Xiaowei Zheng1, Aili Wang1, Yinyan Wang1, Fengchan Li1, Fei Yang1, Yiren Cao1, Huayu Zhang1, Janine M van Gils1, Anton Jan van Zonneveld1, Hanjoong Jo1, Qingyu Wu1, Yonghong Zhang1, Chaojun Tang2, Li Zhu2. 1. From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., L.X., Y.W., F.L., F.Y., Y.C., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (X.Z., A.W., Y.Z.), Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases (X.Z., A.W., Q.W., Y.Z.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (J.H., H.J.); Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (H.Z., J.M.v.G., A.J.v.Z.); and Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (Q.W.). 2. From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., L.X., Y.W., F.L., F.Y., Y.C., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (X.Z., A.W., Y.Z.), Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases (X.Z., A.W., Q.W., Y.Z.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (J.H., H.J.); Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (H.Z., J.M.v.G., A.J.v.Z.); and Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (Q.W.). zhul@suda.edu.cn zjtang@suda.edu.cn.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Accumulating evidence suggests a role of semaphorins in vascular homeostasis. Here, we investigate the role of Sema7A (semaphorin 7A) in atherosclerosis and its underlying mechanism. APPROACH AND RESULTS: Using genetically engineered Sema7A-/-ApoE-/- mice, we showed that deletion of Sema7A attenuates atherosclerotic plaque formation primarily in the aorta of ApoE-/- mice on a high-fat diet. A higher level of Sema7A in the atheroprone lesser curvature suggests a correlation of Sema7A with disturbed flow. This notion is supported by elevated Sema7A expression in human umbilical venous endothelial cells either subjected to oscillatory shear stress or treated with the PKA (protein kinase A)/CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) inhibitor H89 (N-[2-(p-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide·2HCl hydrate). Further studies using the partial carotid artery ligation model showed that disturbed flow in the left carotid artery of Sema7A+/+ApoE-/- mice promoted the expression of endothelial Sema7A and cell adhesion molecules, leukocyte adhesion, and plaque formation, whereas such changes were attenuated in Sema7A-/-ApoE-/- mice. Further studies showed that blockage of β1 integrin, a known Sema7A receptor, or inhibition of FAK (focal adhesion kinase), MEK1/2 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2), or NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) significantly reduced the expression of cell adhesion molecules and THP-1 (human acute monocytic leukemia cell line) monocyte adhesion in Sema7A-overexpressing human umbilical venous endothelial cells. Studies using chimeric mice suggest that vascular, most likely endothelial, Sema7A plays a major role in atherogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate a significant role of Sema7A in atherosclerosis by mediating endothelial dysfunction in a β1 integrin-dependent manner.
OBJECTIVE: Accumulating evidence suggests a role of semaphorins in vascular homeostasis. Here, we investigate the role of Sema7A (semaphorin 7A) in atherosclerosis and its underlying mechanism. APPROACH AND RESULTS: Using genetically engineered Sema7A-/-ApoE-/- mice, we showed that deletion of Sema7A attenuates atherosclerotic plaque formation primarily in the aorta of ApoE-/- mice on a high-fat diet. A higher level of Sema7A in the atheroprone lesser curvature suggests a correlation of Sema7A with disturbed flow. This notion is supported by elevated Sema7A expression in human umbilical venous endothelial cells either subjected to oscillatory shear stress or treated with the PKA (protein kinase A)/CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) inhibitor H89 (N-[2-(p-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide·2HCl hydrate). Further studies using the partial carotid artery ligation model showed that disturbed flow in the left carotid artery of Sema7A+/+ApoE-/- mice promoted the expression of endothelial Sema7A and cell adhesion molecules, leukocyte adhesion, and plaque formation, whereas such changes were attenuated in Sema7A-/-ApoE-/- mice. Further studies showed that blockage of β1 integrin, a known Sema7A receptor, or inhibition of FAK (focal adhesion kinase), MEK1/2 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2), or NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) significantly reduced the expression of cell adhesion molecules and THP-1 (human acute monocytic leukemia cell line) monocyte adhesion in Sema7A-overexpressing human umbilical venous endothelial cells. Studies using chimeric mice suggest that vascular, most likely endothelial, Sema7A plays a major role in atherogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate a significant role of Sema7A in atherosclerosis by mediating endothelial dysfunction in a β1 integrin-dependent manner.
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