Jon E Zibbell1, Alice K Asher1, Rajiv C Patel1, Ben Kupronis1, Kashif Iqbal1, John W Ward1, Deborah Holtzman1. 1. Jon E. Zibbell is with the Behavioral and Urban Health Program, RTI International, Atlanta, GA. Alice K. Asher is with the Epidemiology, Surveillance and Prevention among Substance users Unit, Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Rajiv C. Patel is a second year Medical Student with Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA. Ben Kupronis is with the Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Kashif Iqbal is with the Epidemiology Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, NCHHSTP, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. John W. Ward and Deborah Holtzman are with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To compare US trends in rates of injection drug use (IDU), specifically opioid injection, with national trends in the incidence of acute HCV infection to assess whether these events correlated over time. METHODS: We calculated the annual incidence rate and demographic and risk characteristics of reported cases of acute HCV infection using surveillance data from 2004 to 2014 and the annual percentage of admissions to substance use disorder treatment facilities reporting IDU for the same time period by type of drug injected and demographic characteristics. We then tested for trends. RESULTS: The annual incidence rate of acute HCV infection increased more than 2-fold (from 0.3 to 0.7 cases/100 000) from 2004 to 2014, with significant increases among select demographic subgroups. Admissions for substance use disorder attributed to injection of heroin and prescription opioid analgesics increased significantly, with an almost 4-fold increase in prescription opioid analgesic injection. Significant increases in opioid injection mirrored those for reported cases of acute HCV infection among demographic subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings strongly suggest that the national increase in acute HCV infection is related to the country's opioid epidemic and associated increases in IDU.
OBJECTIVES: To compare US trends in rates of injection drug use (IDU), specifically opioid injection, with national trends in the incidence of acute HCV infection to assess whether these events correlated over time. METHODS: We calculated the annual incidence rate and demographic and risk characteristics of reported cases of acute HCV infection using surveillance data from 2004 to 2014 and the annual percentage of admissions to substance use disorder treatment facilities reporting IDU for the same time period by type of drug injected and demographic characteristics. We then tested for trends. RESULTS: The annual incidence rate of acute HCV infection increased more than 2-fold (from 0.3 to 0.7 cases/100 000) from 2004 to 2014, with significant increases among select demographic subgroups. Admissions for substance use disorder attributed to injection of heroin and prescription opioid analgesics increased significantly, with an almost 4-fold increase in prescription opioid analgesic injection. Significant increases in opioid injection mirrored those for reported cases of acute HCV infection among demographic subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings strongly suggest that the national increase in acute HCV infection is related to the country's opioid epidemic and associated increases in IDU.
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