Literature DB >> 29265854

Beyond sacrificial harm: A two-dimensional model of utilitarian psychology.

Guy Kahane1, Jim A C Everett1, Brian D Earp1, Lucius Caviola2, Nadira S Faber1, Molly J Crockett2, Julian Savulescu1.   

Abstract

[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 125(2) of Psychological Review (see record 2018-15704-001). The copyright attribution was incorrectly listed, and the Creative Commons CC-BY license disclaimer was incorrectly omitted from the author note. The correct copyright is "
© 2017 The Author(s)" and the omitted disclaimer is found in the erratum. All versions of this article have been corrected.] Recent research has relied on trolley-type sacrificial moral dilemmas to study utilitarian versus nonutilitarian modes of moral decision-making. This research has generated important insights into people's attitudes toward instrumental harm-that is, the sacrifice of an individual to save a greater number. But this approach also has serious limitations. Most notably, it ignores the positive, altruistic core of utilitarianism, which is characterized by impartial concern for the well-being of everyone, whether near or far. Here, we develop, refine, and validate a new scale-the Oxford Utilitarianism Scale-to dissociate individual differences in the 'negative' (permissive attitude toward instrumental harm) and 'positive' (impartial concern for the greater good) dimensions of utilitarian thinking as manifested in the general population. We show that these are two independent dimensions of proto-utilitarian tendencies in the lay population, each exhibiting a distinct psychological profile. Empathic concern, identification with the whole of humanity, and concern for future generations were positively associated with impartial beneficence but negatively associated with instrumental harm; and although instrumental harm was associated with subclinical psychopathy, impartial beneficence was associated with higher religiosity. Importantly, although these two dimensions were independent in the lay population, they were closely associated in a sample of moral philosophers. Acknowledging this dissociation between the instrumental harm and impartial beneficence components of utilitarian thinking in ordinary people can clarify existing debates about the nature of moral psychology and its relation to moral philosophy as well as generate fruitful avenues for further research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

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Year:  2017        PMID: 29265854      PMCID: PMC5900580          DOI: 10.1037/rev0000093

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Psychol Rev        ISSN: 0033-295X            Impact factor:   8.934


  32 in total

1.  Bright mind, moral mind? Intelligence is unrelated to consequentialist moral judgment in sacrificial moral dilemmas.

Authors:  D H Bostyn; J De Keersmaecker; J Van Assche; A Roets
Journal:  Psychon Bull Rev       Date:  2020-04

2.  "But he's my brother": The impact of family obligation on moral judgments and decisions.

Authors:  Junho Lee; Keith J Holyoak
Journal:  Mem Cognit       Date:  2020-01

3.  Situational factors shape moral judgements in the trolley dilemma in Eastern, Southern and Western countries in a culturally diverse sample.

Authors:  Bence Bago; Marton Kovacs; John Protzko; Tamas Nagy; Zoltan Kekecs; Bence Palfi; Matus Adamkovic; Sylwia Adamus; Sumaya Albalooshi; Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir; Ilham N Alfian; Sinan Alper; Sara Alvarez-Solas; Sara G Alves; Santiago Amaya; Pia K Andresen; Gulnaz Anjum; Daniel Ansari; Patrícia Arriaga; John Jamir Benzon R Aruta; Alexios Arvanitis; Peter Babincak; Krystian Barzykowski; Bana Bashour; Ernest Baskin; Luisa Batalha; Carlota Batres; Jozef Bavolar; Fatih Bayrak; Benjamin Becker; Maja Becker; Anabel Belaus; Michał Białek; Ennio Bilancini; Daniel Boller; Leonardo Boncinelli; Jordane Boudesseul; Benjamin T Brown; Erin M Buchanan; Muhammad M Butt; Dustin P Calvillo; Nate C Carnes; Jared B Celniker; Christopher R Chartier; William J Chopik; Poom Chotikavan; Hu Chuan-Peng; Rockwell F Clancy; Ogeday Çoker; Rita C Correia; Vera Cubela Adoric; Carmelo P Cubillas; Stefan Czoschke; Yalda Daryani; Job A M de Grefte; Wieteke C de Vries; Elif G Demirag Burak; Carina Dias; Barnaby J W Dixson; Xinkai Du; Francesca Dumančić; Andrei Dumbravă; Natalia B Dutra; Janina Enachescu; Celia Esteban-Serna; Luis Eudave; Thomas R Evans; Gilad Feldman; Fatima M Felisberti; Susann Fiedler; Andrej Findor; Alexandra Fleischmann; Francesco Foroni; Radka Francová; Darius-Aurel Frank; Cynthia H Y Fu; Shan Gao; Omid Ghasemi; Ali-Reza Ghazi-Noori; Maliki E Ghossainy; Isabella Giammusso; Tripat Gill; Biljana Gjoneska; Mario Gollwitzer; Aurélien Graton; Maurice Grinberg; Agata Groyecka-Bernard; Elizabeth A Harris; Andree Hartanto; Widad A N M Hassan; Javad Hatami; Katrina R Heimark; Jasper J J Hidding; Evgeniya Hristova; Matej Hruška; Charlotte A Hudson; Richard Huskey; Ayumi Ikeda; Yoel Inbar; Gordon P D Ingram; Ozan Isler; Chris Isloi; Aishwarya Iyer; Bastian Jaeger; Steve M J Janssen; William Jiménez-Leal; Biljana Jokić; Pavol Kačmár; Veselina Kadreva; Gwenaël Kaminski; Farzan Karimi-Malekabadi; Arno T A Kasper; Keith M Kendrick; Bradley J Kennedy; Halil E Kocalar; Rabia I Kodapanakkal; Marta Kowal; Elliott Kruse; Lenka Kučerová; Anton Kühberger; Anna O Kuzminska; Fanny Lalot; Claus Lamm; Joris Lammers; Elke B Lange; Anthony Lantian; Ivy Y-M Lau; Ljiljana B Lazarevic; Marijke C Leliveld; Jennifer N Lenz; Carmel A Levitan; Savannah C Lewis; Manyu Li; Yansong Li; Haozheng Li; Tiago J S Lima; Samuel Lins; Marco Tullio Liuzza; Paula Lopes; Jackson G Lu; Trent Lynds; Martin Máčel; Sean P Mackinnon; Madhavilatha Maganti; Zoe Magraw-Mickelson; Leon F Magson; Harry Manley; Gabriela M Marcu; Darja Masli Seršić; Celine-Justine Matibag; Alan D A Mattiassi; Mahdi Mazidi; Joseph P McFall; Neil McLatchie; Michael C Mensink; Lena Miketta; Taciano L Milfont; Alberto Mirisola; Michal Misiak; Panagiotis Mitkidis; Mehrad Moeini-Jazani; Arash Monajem; David Moreau; Erica D Musser; Erita Narhetali; Danielle P Ochoa; Jerome Olsen; Nicholas C Owsley; Asil A Özdoğru; Miriam Panning; Marietta Papadatou-Pastou; Neha Parashar; Philip Pärnamets; Mariola Paruzel-Czachura; Michal Parzuchowski; Julia V Paterlini; Jeffrey M Pavlacic; Mehmet Peker; Kim Peters; Liudmila Piatnitckaia; Isabel Pinto; Monica Renee Policarpio; Nada Pop-Jordanova; Annas J Pratama; Maximilian A Primbs; Ekaterina Pronizius; Danka Purić; Elisa Puvia; Vahid Qamari; Kun Qian; Alain Quiamzade; Beáta Ráczová; Diego A Reinero; Ulf-Dietrich Reips; Cecilia Reyna; Kimberly Reynolds; Matheus F F Ribeiro; Jan P Röer; Robert M Ross; Petros Roussos; Fernando Ruiz-Dodobara; Susana Ruiz-Fernandez; Bastiaan T Rutjens; Katarzyna Rybus; Adil Samekin; Anabela C Santos; Nicolas Say; Christoph Schild; Kathleen Schmidt; Karolina A Ścigała; MohammadHasan Sharifian; Jiaxin Shi; Yaoxi Shi; Erin Sievers; Miroslav Sirota; Michael Slipenkyj; Çağlar Solak; Agnieszka Sorokowska; Piotr Sorokowski; Sinem Söylemez; Niklas K Steffens; Ian D Stephen; Anni Sternisko; Laura Stevens-Wilson; Suzanne L K Stewart; Stefan Stieger; Daniel Storage; Justine Strube; Kyle J Susa; Raluca D Szekely-Copîndean; Natalia M Szostak; Bagus Takwin; Srinivasan Tatachari; Andrew G Thomas; Kevin E Tiede; Lucas E Tiong; Mirjana Tonković; Bastien Trémolière; Lauren V Tunstead; Belgüzar N Türkan; Mathias Twardawski; Miguel A Vadillo; Zahir Vally; Leigh Ann Vaughn; Bruno Verschuere; Denis Vlašiček; Martin Voracek; Marek A Vranka; Shuzhen Wang; Skye-Loren West; Stephen Whyte; Leigh S Wilton; Anna Wlodarczyk; Xue Wu; Fei Xin; Su Yadanar; Hiroshi Yama; Yuki Yamada; Onurcan Yilmaz; Sangsuk Yoon; Danielle M Young; Ilya Zakharov; Rizqy A Zein; Ingo Zettler; Iris L Žeželj; Don C Zhang; Jin Zhang; Xiaoxiao Zheng; Rink Hoekstra; Balazs Aczel
Journal:  Nat Hum Behav       Date:  2022-04-14

4.  Effects of childhood trauma on adult moral decision-making: Clinical correlates and insights from bipolar disorder.

Authors:  Emmett M Larsen; Luz H Ospina; Armando Cuesta-Diaz; Antonio Vian-Lains; George C Nitzburg; Sandra Mulaimovic; Asya Latifoglu; Rosarito Clari; Katherine E Burdick
Journal:  J Affect Disord       Date:  2018-10-05       Impact factor: 4.839

5.  Trolley Dilemma in Papua. Yali horticulturalists refuse to pull the lever.

Authors:  Piotr Sorokowski; Michalina Marczak; Michał Misiak; Michał Białek
Journal:  Psychon Bull Rev       Date:  2020-04

6.  Model-free decision making is prioritized when learning to avoid harming others.

Authors:  Patricia L Lockwood; Miriam C Klein-Flügge; Ayat Abdurahman; Molly J Crockett
Journal:  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A       Date:  2020-10-14       Impact factor: 11.205

7.  Cosmopolitan morality trades off in-group for the world, separating benefits and protection.

Authors:  Xuechunzi Bai; Varun Gauri; Susan T Fiske
Journal:  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A       Date:  2021-10-05       Impact factor: 11.205

Review 8.  Mathematical foundations of moral preferences.

Authors:  Valerio Capraro; Matjaž Perc
Journal:  J R Soc Interface       Date:  2021-02-10       Impact factor: 4.118

9.  Moral dilemmas and trust in leaders during a global health crisis.

Authors:  Jim A C Everett; Clara Colombatto; Edmond Awad; Paulo Boggio; Björn Bos; William J Brady; Megha Chawla; Vladimir Chituc; Dongil Chung; Moritz A Drupp; Srishti Goel; Brit Grosskopf; Frederik Hjorth; Alissa Ji; Caleb Kealoha; Judy S Kim; Yangfei Lin; Yina Ma; Michel André Maréchal; Federico Mancinelli; Christoph Mathys; Asmus L Olsen; Graeme Pearce; Annayah M B Prosser; Niv Reggev; Nicholas Sabin; Julien Senn; Yeon Soon Shin; Walter Sinnott-Armstrong; Hallgeir Sjåstad; Madelijn Strick; Sunhae Sul; Lars Tummers; Monique Turner; Hongbo Yu; Yoonseo Zoh; Molly J Crockett
Journal:  Nat Hum Behav       Date:  2021-07-01

10.  The costs of being consequentialist: Social inference from instrumental harm and impartial beneficence.

Authors:  Jim A C Everett; Nadira S Faber; Julian Savulescu; Molly J Crockett
Journal:  J Exp Soc Psychol       Date:  2018-11
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