Evaluation of gastrointestinal motility with MRI: Advances, challenges and opportunities.

Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of gastrointestinal motility has developed rapidly over the past few years. The non-invasive and non-ionizing character of MRI is an important advantage together with the fact that it is fast and can visualize the entire gastrointestinal tract. Advances in imaging and quantification techniques have facilitated assessment of gastric, small intestinal, and colonic motility in a clinical setting. Automated quantitative motility assessment using dynamic MRI meets the need for non-invasive techniques. Recently, studies have begun to examine this technique in patients, including those with IBD, pseudo-obstruction and functional bowel disorders. Remaining challenges for clinical implementation are processing the large amount of data, standardization and validation of the numerous MRI metrics and subsequently assessment of the potential role of dynamic MRI. This review examines the methods, advances, and remaining challenges of evaluation of gastrointestinal motility with MRI. It accompanies an article by Khalaf et al. in this journal that describes a new protocol for assessment of pan-intestinal motility in fasted and fed state in a single MRI session.