Shelly L Gray1, Laura A Hart1, Subashan Perera2,3, Todd P Semla4,5,6, Kenneth E Schmader7,8, Joseph T Hanlon2,9,10,11,12. 1. Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. 2. Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 3. Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 4. Pharmacy Benefits Management, Department of Veterans Affairs, Hines, Illinois. 5. Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. 6. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. 7. Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. 8. Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. 9. Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 10. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 11. Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 12. Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of interventions to optimize medication use on adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in older adults. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. EMBASE, PubMed, OVID, Cochrane Library, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar were searched through April 30, 2017. SETTING: Randomized controlled trials. PARTICIPANTS: Older adults (mean age ≥65) taking medications. MEASUREMENTS: Two authors independently extracted relevant information and assessed studies for risk of bias. Discrepancies were resolved in consensus meetings. The outcomes were any and serious ADRs. Random-effects models were used to combine the results of multiple studies and create summary estimates. RESULTS: Thirteen randomized controlled trials involving 6,198 older adults were included. The studies employed a number of different interventions that were categorized as pharmacist-led interventions (8 studies), other health professional-led interventions (3 studies), a brief educational session (1 study), and a technology intervention (1 study). The intervention group was 21% less likely than the control group to experience any ADR (odds ratio (OR) = 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.62-0.99). In the six studies that examined serious ADRs, the intervention group was 36% less likely than the control group to experience a serious ADR (OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.42-0.98). CONCLUSION: Interventions designed to optimize medication use reduced the risk of any and serious ADRs in older adults. Implementation of these successful interventions in healthcare systems may improve medication safety in older adults.
OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of interventions to optimize medication use on adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in older adults. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. EMBASE, PubMed, OVID, Cochrane Library, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar were searched through April 30, 2017. SETTING: Randomized controlled trials. PARTICIPANTS: Older adults (mean age ≥65) taking medications. MEASUREMENTS: Two authors independently extracted relevant information and assessed studies for risk of bias. Discrepancies were resolved in consensus meetings. The outcomes were any and serious ADRs. Random-effects models were used to combine the results of multiple studies and create summary estimates. RESULTS: Thirteen randomized controlled trials involving 6,198 older adults were included. The studies employed a number of different interventions that were categorized as pharmacist-led interventions (8 studies), other health professional-led interventions (3 studies), a brief educational session (1 study), and a technology intervention (1 study). The intervention group was 21% less likely than the control group to experience any ADR (odds ratio (OR) = 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.62-0.99). In the six studies that examined serious ADRs, the intervention group was 36% less likely than the control group to experience a serious ADR (OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.42-0.98). CONCLUSION: Interventions designed to optimize medication use reduced the risk of any and serious ADRs in older adults. Implementation of these successful interventions in healthcare systems may improve medication safety in older adults.
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