E A Underwood1,2,3, P A Rochon1,4,5,6, R Moineddin7, P E Lee8, W Wu4, K I Pritchard5,3,9, M C Tierney10,11,12,13. 1. Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. 2. Primary Care Research Unit, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Suite E349, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada. 3. Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada. 4. Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. 5. Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. 6. Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. 7. Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. 8. Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. 9. Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada. 10. Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. mary.tierney@sunnybrook.ca. 11. Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. mary.tierney@sunnybrook.ca. 12. Primary Care Research Unit, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Suite E349, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada. mary.tierney@sunnybrook.ca. 13. Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada. mary.tierney@sunnybrook.ca.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Evidence suggests anti-estrogen endocrine therapy (ET) is associated with adverse cognitive effects; however, findings are based on small samples and vary in the cognitive abilities affected. We conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively synthesize the evidence. METHODS: Electronic databases were searched in November 2016. Fourteen studies totaling 911 BC patients on aromatase inhibitors (AIs) or tamoxifen (TAM) and 911 controls (i.e., non-cancer controls and BC controls not using ET) were included. Neuropsychological tests were categorized into six domains. Effect sizes were computed to compare (1) ET patients versus controls and (2) TAM patients versus AI patients. RESULTS: In cross-sectional comparisons, ET patients performed worse than control groups on verbal learning/memory, visual learning/memory, frontal executive function, and processing speed, but did not differ on psychomotor efficiency or visuospatial function. Subgroup analyses revealed that verbal learning/memory was the only domain where ET patients performed worse than both non-cancer and BC controls. In other domains, ET patients and BC controls performed equivalently. Regarding change from pre-treatment performance, ET patients did not differ from controls on any domain. TAM and AI patients did not from one another differ overall; however, subgroup analyses indicated that TAM patients performed better than non-steroidal AI patients on several domains, but showed few performance differences relative to steroidal AI patients. CONCLUSIONS: Verbal learning/memory was the only domain where ET patients performed worse than both non-cancer and BC controls, suggesting specific adverse effects on this domain. Additional studies assessing change from pre-treatment performance and differences between steroidal and non-steroidal AIs are warranted.
PURPOSE: Evidence suggests anti-estrogen endocrine therapy (ET) is associated with adverse cognitive effects; however, findings are based on small samples and vary in the cognitive abilities affected. We conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively synthesize the evidence. METHODS: Electronic databases were searched in November 2016. Fourteen studies totaling 911 BC patients on aromatase inhibitors (AIs) or tamoxifen (TAM) and 911 controls (i.e., non-cancer controls and BC controls not using ET) were included. Neuropsychological tests were categorized into six domains. Effect sizes were computed to compare (1) ET patients versus controls and (2) TAMpatients versus AI patients. RESULTS: In cross-sectional comparisons, ET patients performed worse than control groups on verbal learning/memory, visual learning/memory, frontal executive function, and processing speed, but did not differ on psychomotor efficiency or visuospatial function. Subgroup analyses revealed that verbal learning/memory was the only domain where ET patients performed worse than both non-cancer and BC controls. In other domains, ET patients and BC controls performed equivalently. Regarding change from pre-treatment performance, ET patients did not differ from controls on any domain. TAM and AI patients did not from one another differ overall; however, subgroup analyses indicated that TAMpatients performed better than non-steroidal AI patients on several domains, but showed few performance differences relative to steroidal AI patients. CONCLUSIONS:Verbal learning/memory was the only domain where ET patients performed worse than both non-cancer and BC controls, suggesting specific adverse effects on this domain. Additional studies assessing change from pre-treatment performance and differences between steroidal and non-steroidal AIs are warranted.
Entities:
Keywords:
Breast cancer; Cognitive functioning; Endocrine therapy; Neuropsychological tests
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